アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

With more than 180 million migrants worldwide, roughly 2.3 percent of the global population, migration is a global phenomenon, characterized by cross-border movements that are strikingly varied. This book discusses the current state of migration as a question of governance rather than crisis, examining contemporary migration movements within the legal, political, and economic structures that shape who may move, and why. The book focuses on Latin America, a region shaped by long histories of mobility, and the immigration policy frameworks of the United States, the European Union, and Latin America and the Caribbeans, tracing how different institutional architectures face similar migratory pressures but obtain markedly different outcomes. Ultimately, the book argues that migration functions as a governance barometer, by introducing the concept of policy elasticity, and exploring the limitations of existing "one-size-fits-all" approaches.

This edited volume explores the complex dynamics of African women's political participation, focusing on the tension between numerical representation (quantity) and substantive, impactful political influence (quality). Chapters critically explore whether the growing numbers of women in these positions lead to substantive policy changes, improved governance, and the promotion of gender equity across different spheres of life. The volume looks at these issues through a multi-disciplinary lens, drawing on case studies from across the continent, different perspectives and extensive analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data.

By exploring the distinction between 'quantity' and 'quality' of political representation, the book provides insights for policymakers, scholars, activists, and civil society organisations on how to improve the effectiveness and impact of women's political participation in Africa. Furthermore, it contributes to the global discourse on gender equality and political representation, providing a comparative framework to understand how the African experience of female political engagement can inform broader conversations on women's roles in governance and significant spaces worldwide.

This book brings critical ideas from interdisciplinary scholars, analytically examines digital technologies and social innovation across various issues, including governance, education, rural transformation, AI ethics, citizen science and other political, cultural, institutional, and ethical domains in Indonesia. It underscores the need to foster inclusive practices that engage diverse populations, and it encourages collaboration among multiple stakeholders-communities, government, businesses, and civil society organizations-to drive sustainable and equitable outcomes. Many societal challenges such as public services, education, and community empowerment fall beyond purely market-driven interests. Under these circumstances, social innovation becomes necessary. Through a collection of case studies of social innovation and forward-looking strategies, this book offers valuable insights into how societies can adapt and thrive in the ever-evolving digital landscape in a vast country like Indonesia, where people have to deal with economic, cultural, and technological disparities. Developing countries like Indonesia are not immune to the rapid influx of digital technology, which is swiftly disrupting both markets and social structures. As in other parts of the world, this wave of technological disruption presents unprecedented opportunities but also introduces significant uncertainties for current and future life. These challenges are particularly pronounced in Indonesia, where inequalities in digital access, technological proficiency, and economic disparity persist, further complicating the situation for individuals, organizations, and policymakers. As technological developments accelerate and unpredictably reshape social structures, anticipating future trajectories becomes increasingly difficult. Agility is therefore essential for navigating this complexity. This book is relevant to social scientists interested in the intersections between technology, society, education, innovation, and policy, in the context of Indonesia, and beyond.

This book offers a comprehensive and critical examination of Libya's modern history, political evolution, and societal dynamics. Dr. Sawani analyses the Sanusi monarchy, Gaddafi rule, and the period following the uprising that ended Gaddafi's rule and led to a tumultuous post-2011 transition. The book seeks to explain the interplay of all these elements and the interaction between the internal and the external. Pivotal developments and moments along Libya's contemporary path are examined including the state-building challenges under King Idris I, the foundations and idiosyncratic nature of the Gaddafi regime, the unrealized reform attempts of the 2000s, the causes and consequences of the 2011 uprising, the controversial NATO-led intervention, and the subsequent descent into crisis and political fragmentation.

An underwater look at Sydney that surfaces new and unfamiliar histories of people, objects, spaces, and environmental and social change.

The Underharbor places the ocean at the center of a cultural history of Sydney, Australia, a place built on and around seawater, where the community is linked historically, emotionally, and psychologically to the water. Drawing on a series of vignettes that focus on Sydney's underwater dimensions-including the harbor's relationship to technological modernity, Indigenous ideas and practices, artistic experimentation, and scientific inquiry-Ann Elias creates a unique portrait of a city and its past. By shifting the terrestrial perspective to the subaquatic, Elias uncovers an area filled with political meaning, poetic significance, and ideological struggles.

Few harbors are as researched as Sydney's, where fishing, exploration, colonialism, warfare, science, and industry all shaped cultural ideas about underwater space. Between 1850 to 1950, only a few groups of people had access to the remote underharbor: Indigenous divers and First Nations peoples, who were dispossessed by colonizers; divers working primarily to further the maritime industrialization of the growing city and to salvage objects from the harbor floor; researchers in the emerging field of marine science who dove for first-hand observation; and beachcombers, naturalists, and dredgers who got to know the underharbor by bringing it to the surface. Through press stories, models, illustrations, maps, and photographic and cinematic representations, The Underharbor reveals how these watery visions of Sydney shifted over the course of a century.

An ethnographic history of one of the dozens of indigenous domains that occupied China's border regions during the Qing dynasty and before.

Erik Mueggler's The Book of Cunning and Treachery is an ethnographic history of a chiefly household that ruled one of the many indigenous domains scattered through upland southwest China during the late Ming and Qing dynasties. The imperial colonization of this region proceeded by way of defeating indigenous polities and absorbing them into a system of indirect governance. In this system, indigenous chieftains inherited power over multiethnic domains, subject to ratification by the imperial court. Mueggler tracks the history of two crucial yet unexamined archives pertaining to this household-a trove of Chinese-language legal, military, and administrative documents, and hundreds of ritual manuals, histories, and morality books written in the indigenous Ne script-to show how the chiefly house reproduced itself through these languages, each with its own forms of ritual, recitation, and inscription.

As Mueggler demonstrates, through different forms of access to writing in Chinese and Ne, male and female chieftains, domestic slaves, enslaved bondsmen, bonded tenants, chiefly concubines, and more existed in a complex ecology of relations. House and domain were governed through a dynamic process in which residents continuously worked out the status hierarchies that animated their relations with one another as well as the relations between the chiefly house and the local administrative system. This groundbreaking book provides a compelling account of the intertwined problems of writing, slavery, and sovereignty, as well as a vivid portrait of the unique form that indigenous jurisdiction took in this era.

Often gracing the tables of weddings and banquets, shark fin symbolizes opulence and prestige in China and beyond. Yet its rise from offcut to delicacy reveals a complex history of how value is constructed and transformed. Drawing on sources in Chinese and English, as well as materials in French, Japanese, Spanish, and Italian, The Silver Thread tracks how this oceanic product came to have symbolic and material value, particularly during the Ming and Qing periods when domestic affluence deepened and became entangled with transregional commerce. Each chapter revolves around a question, such as: How did shark fin make its way from sea to banquet hall? Who advocated for its classification as a delicacy? How were taste, medicine, and ethics intertwined in its consumption?

In The Silver Thread, taste constitutes a language of social and moral distinction rather than sensation per se. Shark fin is both an object and an idea at the crossroads of nature and culture, where ritual and economy are mutually implicated, and where excess and moderation coincide. This book is hardly an apologia for shark fin consumption. It is, in part, a use of history to revisit tradition. Extending his analysis beyond cuisine, Ronald C. Po reconsiders "maritime China" less as a venue for trade, war, or navigation than a porous space formed through meaning and identity.

This book presents a lecture on the history of ancient Chinese architecture, which was offered by Chinese archaeologist Bai SU for students of archaeology at Peking University. It first introduces readers to the site of the late Yangshao Culture ca. 5,000 years ago, the earliest ground architecture in China. Then, it discusses the representative architecture of each era, from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, including its essential characteristics and characteristics of the times, and clarifies the development of Chinese architecture. Approaching ancient Chinese architecture from an innovative perspective and providing a research method for assessing the development of Chinese archaeology from an architectural standpoint, the book includes a wealth of photographs and hand-drawn drawings accumulated over SU's years of research, offering an invaluable resource for readers seeking to understand the characteristics of ancient Chinese architecture.

This edited volume explores the evolution of public sector reforms in Nigeria since the return to democracy in 1999. Marked by decades of inefficiency, corruption, and underperformance, Nigeria's public sector has long required structural transformation. It critically examines the reform initiatives that emerged under President Obasanjo's administration and beyond, offering a comprehensive review of the strategies, outcomes, and lingering challenges across multiple administrations. With an emphasis on democratic governance and developmental state-building, the book contributors explore reform efforts in civil service restructuring, digital governance, anti-corruption, education, agriculture, pensions, security, housing, and power sector transformation. This volume also assesses policy tools like the Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS), Federal Civil Service Strategy and Implementation Plan 2021-025 (FCSSIP25), and the role of innovation in service delivery. Special attention is given to sector-specific case studies and the use of empirical and econometric approaches to evaluate reform impacts.

It includes comparative perspectives from Ghana, South Africa, and Cote d'Ivoire. This volume not only enhances the sparse academic literature on Nigeria's public sector reforms but also provides practical insights for policymakers, scholars, and reform practitioners.

By situating Nigerian reforms within the broader context of democratic consolidation and governance reforms in Africa, this work underscores the public sector's pivotal role in delivering services, implementing policy, mobilizing revenue, and strengthening intergovernmental coordination. It will benefit scholars, students, policymakers, and development partners engaged in African governance, public administration, and institutional reforms.

This book examines how various Australians understood or expressed their experience of the Great War and early war commemoration in transcendent terms, and in so doing contributed to the creation of an Australian foundation myth, Anzac. The significant breadth and depth of religious or transcendent experience for some Australian Great War servicemen challenges longstanding historical accounts of soldiers-world-wide-as secular in outlook or unconcerned with or with no experience of religious or transcendent (sublime or numinous) experience. The book adopts an empirical approach to historical sources (letters, diary entries, verse),? ?while drawing on insights and methodologies from historical biography, micro-history and comparative studies in myth, religion and phenomenology, and in particular, those of philosopher and historian of religion, Rudolf Otto. It is an interdisciplinary study grounded in deep archival research which breaks new ground in the field.

An eye-opening anthropological examination of masculinity, violence, and transnational migration focused on present-day Punjab.

In Coming of Age in Macholand, the anthropologist and filmmaker Harjant S. Gill shows how Punjabi men in India, disillusioned by promises for power and control, contend with patriarchy: by submitting to it, attempting to transgress it, migrating to escape it, and coming undone by it. Gill takes readers deep inside men's worlds to show how boys come of age and masculinity is produced through pervasive violence, while it is also underlined with intimacy in the form of fraternal love and homosocial bonds.

Based on four years of fieldwork carried out over a decade and hundreds of interviews, Gill explores how boys learn to become men against the backdrop of patriarchal constraints, political violence, changing agrarian economies, and outward migration. He also shows the great extent to which violence is a function and a reflection of powerlessness. By exploring the development of masculinity in a society where sexuality is sanctioned exclusively through heteronormative frameworks of marriage and family, this book documents how patriarchy forecloses sexual agency and emotional autonomy. Ultimately, it offers an indictment of patriarchy as a system that not only oppresses women but also constricts men's intimate and sexual choices.

Rus' and Mongol Rule presents the fullest examination in English to date of the economic and social history of Rus' from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries and the impact of Mongol rule. Lawrence N. Langer shows how the Mongols were a double-edged sword, encouraging trade while imposing a harsh tribute in silver, furs, and people. Among the topics examined are the Black Death, the demographic crisis and shortage of labor, taxation and administration, patterns of warfare, the growth of monasteries, the peasantry, and slavery.

Rus' and Mongol Rule begins with the Mongol conquest of Rus in 1237-1241 and ends with the death of Grand Prince Vasilli II and the ascension of his son, Ivan III "the Great" in 1462. Langer shows how the Rus' responded to the tribute by fashioning an administrative and taxation system that drew upon Mongol practice and Rus' tradition. Despite not attacking Novgorod, the Mongols had an enormous impact as the city reformed its administration to meet the demands of their tribute. Simultaneously the city was able to solidify its rights vis-a-vis the grand princes of Vladimir.

Langer gives particular attention to Novgorod and its administration. He also discusses Pskov, which often receives little scholarly attention. In concluding he discusses how the governmental apparatus of Rus evolved to include elements from the Mongols but also administrative practices not unlike those found in the medieval West as well as those traditions derived from Kyivan Rus.

How British intellectuals of the twentieth century reckoned with the emergence of an Asian power

Most historians of nineteenth and twentieth century Europe point to the persistence of racialised and hierarchical views of non-Europeans as "uncivilised." Yet these accounts overlook the profound intellectual impact of what contemporaries called the "awakening of Asia." In Rival Civilisations, Chika Tonooka shows how the rise of Japan after 1905 compelled British intellectuals to rethink fundamental questions about world order and human difference. Juxtaposing Japanese and British sources, Tonooka offers an innovative history of British Eurocentrism-its ebbs and flows and emergent pluralist alternatives-through the lens of British debates on Japan.

Tonooka describes how British intellectuals and commentators grappled with such issues as whether civilisation was singular or plural; whether the civilising mission in Asia might be more successfully undertaken as the "yellow man's burden"; whether non-Christians could be moral; and whether a world converging along Western lines was likely and even desirable. Even at the Empire's peak, British thinkers began to grasp that Britain could no longer take its civilisational preeminence for granted. But Tonooka also considers what these debates on Japan missed, arguing that British civilisational discourse consistently overlooked what she demonstrates to be the paradoxical nature of global modernity. As a result, these British blind spots repeatedly foreclosed anticipations of critical world political challenges that lay ahead. Her original and rigorous analysis will enable readers to identify analogous blind spots over the rise of China and its consequences for the global order.

This book honours the seminal contributions of William Beinart to southern African history and African Studies, with essays written by his former students and academic and professional colleagues. The scope of the essays in this volume speaks to the breadth of Beinart's influence, bringing together a number of intellectual strands and themes that cut across disciplines, chronologies, and geographies. Key themes explored include environment and nature, rural agriculture, popular politics, political violence, land reform, and the relationship between academia and activism. Beinart's influence is highlighted in each chapter, but the essays here also represent new research and new ways of thinking about long-standing debates. The book intends to stimulate a robust interdisciplinary and intergenerational dialogue on these topics, and to highlight emergent debates and themes of interest to the study and understanding of Africa's past.

Crime in the Colonial City explores how and where colonial law take its shape by turning to the eighteenth-century courts, homes, and streets of the Indian cities of Pondichery and Chandernagor, two bustling and diverse French-ruled towns. By uncovering the dramatic details of five criminal investigations, Danna Agmon reveals how experiences with French law in India allowed colonized residents and their allies to assert control over their own fates by exploiting the flexibility - and weakness - of the French legal system, itself an aspirational symbol of colonial state power.

In theory, all residents of the French-ruled towns in India, regardless of their national, linguistic, ethnic, or religious background, were subject to French legal codes and the French Crown's sovereignty and jurisdiction. Reality, however, was more flexible. Crime in the Colonial City provides a never-before gained understanding of the social fabric of French colonialism in India, while also exploring the limits of legal institutions in the making of imperial sovereignty.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of Medan's development, blending rigorous research with narrative flair to recreate the historical ambience of the city and its people. Divided into three sections, the book delves into the evolution of Medan and its strategic role in the plantation economy, examines the lives and contributions of its prominent Chinese community, and follows the rise and fall of European and Chinese enterprises.

The book draws upon multiple historical archives from the Netherlands, Indonesia, Singapore, China, Switzerland, and many more, combined with images and interviews. Together, these resources provide a compelling backdrop to the narratives of influential figures and also everyday people. By situating local developments within the broader context of global events-such as economic and political shifts in Asia-the book provides a thorough understanding of Medan's role as a truly cosmopolitan city in the Dutch Indies. The book is designed to invite readers into a unique past, using language and place names of the era to enhance authenticity.

Examining the emergence of international public health policy between the 1930s and 80s, this book sheds light on the role that rural community health initiatives in South and Southeast Asia played in the movement towards 'primary health care' and 'health for all,' articulated ultimately at the 1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. The author argues that the movement was not directed exclusively from the headquarters of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, but also by institutions such as the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Division in rural Southeast Asia, and through local community initiatives including the Bandung Plan for Health in Indonesia. The book illustrates how an exclusive association of global health with the emergence of the WHO in the 1950s fails to account for the local, national, or regional contexts that shaped the evolution of primary health care in South and Southeast Asia.