アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

A provocative exploration of the corrosive impact of secrecy on Australian intelligence organizations' effectiveness and operations

Secrecy is central to popular understandings of intelligence and how intelligence services operate. Intelligence agencies generally resist oversight and transparency, arguing that decreases in secrecy come at the cost of intelligence efficacy.

In Blind Trust, Melanie Brand challenges this view. Using archival research examining the role, functions, and public perceptions of the Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO), she shows that operating in secrecy did not ensure intelligence efficacy in Cold War Australia. With little oversight from the government, ASIO's products became increasingly irrelevant to policymakers, and politicians lost sight of ASIO's value. With no external guidance or requirement to be accountable for its actions, secrecy allowed ASIO's staff to break the law and become involved in overtly partisan affairs. Finally, excessive secrecy asks for society's blind trust in an intelligence service, and ASIO lost the public's trust during the Cold War because it was able, for a time, to cover up its mistakes and exceed its authority.

This groundbreaking history of Australia's domestic spy agency is relevant to the security experiences of other democratic nation-states. Blind Trust will inform students, scholars, and professionals in the fields of intelligence studies, international relations, security studies, and history.

Hybrid threats and hybrid warfare create complex challenges for the security and stability of the Gulf States. This book is the first comprehensive attempt to align Western and Arab Gulf concepts of these phenomena, closing a significant gap in academic and policy discourse. By clarifying terminology and frameworks, it paves the way for more effective cooperation in countering hybrid threats.

Organised into five thematic sections - conceptual foundations, threat landscapes, cybersecurity, case studies, and strategies for resilience - the book combines theoretical analysis with practical insights. The case studies range from Kuwait and Saudi-U.S. relations to Taiwan and post-Soviet states, offering a variety of comparative perspectives.

Written by scholars and practitioners from eleven countries, the book takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and mitigating hybrid threats. It will appeal to academics, policymakers, and security professionals seeking to strengthen resilience and regional collaboration within the Gulf Cooperation Council.

This book tells the story of how residents of Iitate village and volunteers from across Japan came together to address the many complex issues that followed the Fukushima nuclear disaster.It outlines challenges faced by every rural village: producing the food and energy needed by unsustainable, increasingly disaster-prone cities; maintaining their rich cultures despite depopulation and aging, and having the autonomy of their communities removed by the centralisation of power in capital regions, especially in the wake of crisis. The disaster caused an unprecedented situation, never experienced in Fukushima, Japan or anywhere else. There were no real experts anywhere in the world with experience in such a revitalization project - and official successes were limited. Responsibility fell to the people, who independently initiated collaborative efforts to address not only issues of contamination monitoring and decontamination, but also complex issues of healthcare, agriculture, forestry, trade, business innovation, and ultimately the revitalization of livelihoods and the village community. The book takes a practical, every day, scientific and human approach to discuss how humans might once again co-exist with nature in the context of fundamental shifts in human civilization, learning from Iitate village. It serves as a model for 21st century local revitalization movements, pioneering ways to create new public spaces for action, to overcome problems of modernity and to move toward coexistence with nature. The work will appeal to disaster management experts, and students and scholars in disaster studies, city planning, environmental science, nuclear energy, Japan studies, international relations and sociology.

This book is the first major analysis of British foreign policy in Colombia after the Second World War, demonstrating how the tools and technologies of British imperial control were commodified and exported to Latin America amid the growth of US hegemony in the region. It draws on newly declassified archival material and oral history interviews to show how the modern Anglo-Colombian relationship was constructed and maintained through security collaboration, which involved covert operations by MI6, the Information Research Department, and the Special Air Service (SAS). The goal was to improve the Colombian state's capacity to deal with common enemies such as guerrilla insurgencies and drugs traffickers and promote Britain's wider objectives of improving the climate for foreign investment, preserving capitalist stability, and maintaining a foothold in Latin America. This book therefore integrates Latin America into the history of Britain's post-colonial security operations, revealing how Britain's relations with Colombia were far more important than previously known and disrupting prevailing narratives surrounding US domination of the region.

Over the last decade, a youth revolt has swept through Asia. Massive, regime-rocking protests have grabbed global attention as students and other young people have confronted security forces on the streets, taking great risks to condemn authoritarian rule, promote democracy, and to push forward new agendas of personal freedom and gender equality. Behind the scenes, young people have experimented with novel and diverse modes of political and social activism, often using new tools of online communication and cultural expression, forging new kinds of coalitions, and exploring nonconfrontational and subterranean networking.

Youth Activism in Asia focuses equally on the episodes of spectacular protest and on varieties of less visible engagement, examining the diversity, origins, and impact of contemporary youth activism in Asia. With fifteen case studies, the volume highlights shared patterns among demands, tactical repertoires, and activist networks, and examines what differentiates protest movements across countries and over time. Drawing on original fieldwork and, in many cases, their own experience, the authors address Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and transnational activism. Conceiving of "activism" broadly as any action intended to bring about social and political change, the volume makes theoretical contributions to our understanding of the relationship between protest and democratic backsliding, engagement with new communication technologies, and this generation's distinctive intersectional politics. Youth Activism in Asia showcases the creativity, energy, boldness, and diversity of a new generation of Asian political activists.

This book seeks to incorporate often-neglected perspectives within discussions on migration and the global labour market. It focuses on the role and experiences of women involved in South-North migration and looks at the factors that lead to their migration and movement. Based on empirical evidence of women migrating from sub-Saharan African to Europe, the outcomes of migration are contextualised within the conditions female migrants faced in their original country. Access to waged employment and shifts within household power dynamics often appeal to women who live in countries where they only have access to unwaged work and where their civil, political, and economic freedoms are restricted. Insight into the economic and structural inequalities that prevent the marginalized, including women in less gender equal societies, from migration opportunities are also covered.

This book is a corrective to the current conversations on migration that overlook the economic and social experiences of women in the Global South. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the economics of migration and the experiences of migrants.

This book asks what peace means when the state wages war against its own citizens in the name of security in the war on drugs. Set in Rio de Janeiro, a deeply unequal city where life chances are shaped by race, class, gender and neighbourhood, it questions whose peace is protected, and at whose expense. Tracing the historical racialisation, marginalisation and criminalisation of the favelas, the book shows how this has resulted in complex forms of hybrid governance involving criminal groups, police and the state. It conceptualizes urban violence in Rio as a form of performative, necropolitical state war-making, where a discourse of security sustains deadly and inefficient operations in the favelas. In this violent context, the book explores favela peace formation as a grassroots alternative, in which residents construct new forms of nonviolent politics and envision more just and peaceful futures, offering important insights for rethinking and decolonizing peace.

While global urban discourse remains dominated by the spectacular, high-rise gentrification of central city areas, this book aims to deepen our understanding of the quiet, mundane redevelopments that transform the inner-city neighborhoods of the Global East. Exploring this "shadow of gentrification," it provides a rich empirical analysis of Osaka, Japan-a primary example of emerging neoliberalism playing out across an inner-city shaped by the developmental state. Despite departing from conventional gentrification, the analysis focuses on social change and capital reinvestment. Through evidence from extensive field research and interviews, it traces three distinct trajectories of neighborhood change: retro renovation driven by small businesses in Nakazaki; art-led renovation facilitated by a local landlord in Kitakagaya; and welfare-led renovation triggered by livelihood protection amendments in Northwest Nishinari. The analysis reveals a nascent "precarious city," in which the working class is replaced by populations marked by precarity and fragmentation, standing outside the societal project of the developmental state. Ultimately, this book argues for embracing the trajectories of neighborhood change in the Global East, while treating gentrification as a conceptual vanishing point to guide analyses that sometimes lead into the spotlight, and sometimes into the shadow of gentrification.

Inner Worlds examines the emergence and operation of representations of interiority-consciousness, "folk mind," "spirit"-in Japan from its industrial revolution to the rise of fascism during the interwar period. These representations functioned to reproduce the capitalist system by containing its excesses. Thus, poverty in the 1880s was ostensibly the result of defects in one's innate mental character. A degenerate "crowd mind" explained the strikes and riots of the early twentieth century. State subversion during the 1930s supposedly reflected an attenuated "folk spirit." By locating the roots of capitalism's excesses not within the socioeconomic order itself but within a defective interiority, ideologies of interiority operated to contain disruptions to Japan's socioeconomic order, conceal its defects, and sustain the capitalist system. Inner Worlds reveals how interiority was constituted in ways consistent with both the demands of the emerging capitalist order of the late nineteenth century and the conditions that coalesced to form a fascist conjecture in the 1930s.

This second part of a two-volume work offers a comprehensive exploration of China's ambitious "Made in China 2025" initiative and its broader geopolitical implications. By examining China's strategic shift from a low-cost manufacturing hub to a high-tech powerhouse, chapters provide a critical assessment of the initiative's progress and its impact on global economic dynamics.

In this volume, authors explore the idea that through the MIC 2025 initiative, China seeks not only to reduce structural dependencies on advanced economies but also to redefine the institutional logic governing.

Through expert contributions, readers will gain insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by China's industrial strategies, including the semiconductor "chips war" and the new global bipolarity centered around technology and innovation.

This volume is essential for scholars and practitioners in international political economy, Chinese studies, and global economic governance. It offers a nuanced understanding of China's evolving role on the global stage, making it a valuable resource for graduate-level courses and research institutions focused on contemporary China. With its interdisciplinary approach, the book provides a holistic view of China's rise and its implications for the future of global economic and strategic competition.

Feminist ideas spread quickly while feminism remains unpopular by designIn contemporary China, feminism circulates widely across digital media, popular culture, and consumer markets, yet it remains politically precarious. Viral Dissent examines this paradox through an incisive study of feminist activism, misogyny, and gender politics in China's rapidly evolving digital landscape.

Drawing on interviews, ethnographic observation, and analysis of high-profile online controversies, Sara Liao traces the complex life of feminism in a system shaped by platform capitalism, techno-nationalism, and individual users. Feminist discourse spreads through social media campaigns, influencer culture, and viral debates, but its visibility-and survival-is carefully managed. Through case studies of #MeToo activism, anti-victim-blaming campaigns, online misogyny, and digital feminist groups, Liao conceptualizes "unpopular feminism," a feminism that operates as both a popular cultural genre and a stigmatized political project. Some forms of feminist expression are celebrated as part of the booming "sheconomy," while others-particularly those calling for collective action or structural change-face marginalization, censorship, harassment, and nationalist backlash.

Bridging media studies, gender studies, and transnational feminist theory, Viral Dissent offers a powerful account of how feminist struggle is reshaped at the intersection of capital, technology, state power, and everyday media use, illuminating the possibilities and limits of activism in an era of global platforms, commercialized visibility, and authoritarian governance.

Medicines travel, transform, and multiply meanings across Asia's markets, temples, texts, and bodiesWhat makes something a medicine? To answer this deceptively simple question, Global Lives of Medicines offers twelve richly detailed biographies of medicinal substances across Asian history. From ginseng and frankincense to aconite, radish, and live leeches, contributors trace how materials moved through markets, temples, courts, homes, and laboratories while continually acquiring new meanings and uses.

Across the chapters, familiar categories begin to dissolve. Substances may function simultaneously as food, poison, ritual tool, or sacred object. Healing agents may be plant roots, minerals, aromatics, or even living creatures. Through these diverse case studies spanning East and South Asia, Global Lives of Medicines demonstrates how the boundaries between medicine, technology, religion, and commerce were constantly negotiated in different historical contexts. By placing these biographies in dialogue, it offers a new approach to the history of medicine-one that foregrounds the materiality, mobility, and cultural transformation of therapeutic substances across Asia.

Through a comprehensive analysis of relations between Europe and China during the Cold War, this volume reveals how those interactions quietly reconfigured the global balance of power, helping to forge the contemporary international order. Rooted in a rich array of multi-archival sources, the book brings together an international group of historians to explore China's relationships with both Western European powers and European socialist countries, tracing how China systematically courted Europe to reshape the Cold War order and maneuver between the superpowers.

Beginning with China's diplomatic opening to Western Europe from the 1950s to the 1970s, contributors highlight key turning points in rapprochement with France, Britain, West Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, marked by a shifting mix of ideology, strategic calculation, and detente-era geopolitics. The volume then moves eastward, unpacking China's fraught but ambitious diplomacy with communist Europe, including Hungary, Poland, and Albania, as Beijing sought to contest Moscow's dominance and present itself as an alternative pole of leadership in the socialist world. Breaking new ground by integrating Chinese and European sources and perspectives, this book shows how China and Europe, often considered secondary actors, played crucial roles in reshaping the Cold War system and turning a rigid superpower standoff into a more multipolar world.

This book shows the important contribution of Liangzhu civilization to the development of Chinese civilization through discussions on the status of jade in Chinese civilization, the typicality of jade used in Liangzhu, the jade age and the origin of Chinese civilization. Jade culture is an important cultural gene of Chinese civilization. In the Liangzhu Era, more than 5,000 years ago, a jade system was formed to symbolize identity and rank, with jade cong??? symbolizing theocracy, jade yue??? symbolizing militACary power and royal power, as well as jade bi??? and jade headdresses. The ritual system embodied in groups of jade ritual vessels created the tradition of Chinese civilization of "contain the etiquette on the artifacts".

This book explores the cultural, spatial, and social resilience of one of Macao's oldest commercial districts: Rua dos Mercadores (Camp Street) through a unique integration of oral history and grounded theory methodology. Based on in-depth fieldwork and 61 semi-structured interviews with shop owners, residents, and new immigrants, this book presents how a traditional urban street negotiates between continuity and transformation in the context of globalization, tourism, and urban redevelopment.

This book adopts a qualitative, bottom-up approach to reconstruct the living memory of the street. Rather than treating oral history merely as a documentary record, it systematically analyzes narratives through the procedures of open, axial, and selective coding. From over one thousand initial codes, the author derives a conceptual framework of local commercial cultural resilience, illuminating how individual experiences, spatial cognition, and collective memory converge to sustain the identity of Camp Street.

This book, as part of a book series on migration in Chinese history, explores migration that took place in the Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. This series is a complete, systematic general history on migration in China, the first of its kind both in China and abroad. Though it falls into the category of East Asian History, it is actually an interdisciplinary academic work that looks into not merely history but also culture, customs and historical geography. For the migration of each sub-period, the book seeks to identify the causes, participants, times, destinations, origins, routes and directions of migration, as well as the process of settlement and effect. It also tries to make quantitative analysis and sum up underlying patterns. This book draws evidence from a broad spectrum of sources, including literature, social customs and linguistics, in addition to official histories. It is not only a monograph on historical migrations in China, but also offers an opportunity of interpreting historical transformations from the perspective of migration. This book is intended for academic readers who study migration, Chinese history and historical geography, as well as the general public who loves Chinese culture and wishes to view Chinese culture from a novel perspective.

This comprehensive work examines the vital role of dredging equipment in national economic and defense development, highlighting seven decades of remarkable progress in China's shipbuilding industry. Through detailed analysis of technological evolution, the book showcases how Chinese workers and technical personnel demonstrated exceptional self-reliance while advancing from basic dredging equipment to sophisticated world-class machines. The narrative particularly emphasizes the industry's journey of overcoming technical challenges, documenting the transformation that has positioned China as a global leader in dredging technology. As a reference work, it offers invaluable insights and practical knowledge specifically tailored for workers, cadres, and technical personnel in related fields.

With a keen attention to how culture and elite conflict shape politics, The Great Separation upends deterministic understandings of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the market reforms that followed. This ambitious posthumous volume by sociologist Xiaohong Xu turns the existing scholarship on China's "neoliberalism" on its head by demonstrating that the effort to separate mass politics from economic policy had its origins well before the Reform and Opening-up era.

Over the course of the Cultural Revolution, unfolding factional dynamics and interpretive struggles enabled Chairman Mao and his radical colleagues to mobilize workers to advance their own political goals while neutralizing the masses' economic demands, symbolically separating the political from the economic. This set the stage for a more thoroughgoing depoliticization of the economy after 1989, when China faced challenges from students and workers whose economic grievances had rapidly morphed into political demands for democracy. The result was what Xu calls ordoeconomism: an ideology that valorizes economic development, rejects mass politics, and views the state as the apolitical guardian of the economy. As Xu demonstrates, while ordoeconomism may share some affinities with neoliberalism, it is a distinctively Chinese approach that must be understood on its own terms.

This book maps out how family planning has contributed to the reshaping of the Indonesian family as found today. It uses the 2021 Family Enumeration Survey in Indonesia to pinpoint some of the key dimensions of family planning success in the country. In doing so, it points to areas that the newly-elected Prabowo government needs to address to ensure that family planning is truly women's empowerment, and men's responsibility. Fifty years ago, the dominant anxiety globally was the threat of overpopulation. The World Bank and the United Nations pressed countries to set up family planning programs to reduce high birth rates. Indonesia was an early recruit to the effort, and now, five decades later, it has achieved outstanding success. The book walks through how The National Family Planning Board trained armies of fieldworkers to promote contraceptive use, delay marriage age, and ensure universal schooling. It shows, as a result, that fertility has fallen below replacement level, education levels have risen dramatically, and the role of women in Indonesian society has blossomed. In highlighting the success of the Indonesian family planning program in reducing fertility, and providing the first analysis of the 2021 BKKBN Family Enumeration Survey, this is a landmark presentation of its key findings. This timely book is a valuable resource for demographers and population studies scholars, and for social scientists studying the fabric of Indonesian society, particularly its gender and family dynamics, and, more broadly, the role of contraception in public health.

Lebanon hosts the highest number of refugees per capita in the world, including up to 1.5 million displaced Syrians. Many are Syrian farmworkers, who for decades have sustained Lebanon's agricultural system through their seasonal labor. Debt and Refuge traces how the lives of these farmworkers-turned-refugees were transformed by the war in Syria and Lebanon's devastating financial collapse, revealing the slow economic violence that can push people off their land, into waged work, and into cycles of debt.

Drawing on fieldwork centered in Lebanon's Bekaa Valley, China Sajadian documents how Syrian farmworkers' debts - to labor brokers, landlords, and relatives - bound them to networks that exploited their labor and also sustained them in the face of profound uncertainty. In contrast to humanitarian portrayals of refugees as uprooted victims awaiting asylum or return, Sajadian locates their predicaments within a longer history of rural migration and familial division across the Lebanese-Syrian border. Linking together the politics of mass displacement, mass indebtedness, and our global food system, she makes a case for radically rethinking forced migration as an agrarian question of labor and feminist question of social reproduction. Written with both ethnographic intimacy and analytical depth, Debt and Refuge offers a deeply human portrait of the gendered politics of displacement and why they matter to the future of our agricultural systems and human mobility-in Lebanon, Syria, and beyond.

How can a small democracy resist the influence of a powerful authoritarian neighbor? Taiwan is frequently praised for its successful economic development and peaceful transition to democracy, serving as a model for other developing countries. However, it faces substantial challenges, both from internal political divisions and external geopolitical pressures. Taiwan's political landscape is shaped by several significant cleavages: national identity and ethnic disparities, economic inequality and class conflict, and generational and cultural differences. The greatest challenge to Taiwan's democracy comes from the influence of China, which has exploited these cleavages through economic leverage, propaganda, and political interference.

Under the heavy influence of Beijing's sharp power, Taiwan's democracy often faces threats of regression. Whenever China escalates its tactics, Taiwan's civil society has mobilized in response, playing a crucial role in resisting Beijing's strategies and defending democratic institutions. Thung-Hong Lin examines case studies - such as the 2014 Sunflower Movement, the 2019 support for the Hong Kong protests, and recent social movements in 2024 - to demonstrate how Taiwan's vibrant civil society is a key source of democratic resilience. This book also situates Taiwan's struggle within the broader context of US-China relations, showing how global geopolitics over the past half-century has shaped the island's destiny.

This book manifests the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) framework propounded by the United Nations (UN), which connects sports to physical activity and human health outcomes through its ability to combat chronic diseases and improve mental and physical health. The UN also considers sports a catalyst for the socialization of children, youths and adults, the social inclusion of the disadvantaged, economic development of local communities, and a means of fostering intercultural exchange and conflict resolution.

This volume is the first effort of its kind that seeks to examine the scope of sports to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 16, particularly in India, by way of promoting peaceful and inclusive societies. As well, it provides a platform for achieving justice for all; building effective, accountable, and inclusive communication between institutions at all levels; and ensuring equality across ethnicity, faith, and sexual orientation in any corner of the globe.

The content of this volume will be of great interest especially to sports enthusiasts, sports event organizers, trainers, management faculty, students, and scholars. In a broader scenario, however, the discussions will be helpful for policymakers to find an alternative avenue of achieving SDG through the management and promotion of sports, not only in India but in many countries in the global south.