アジア・中東・アフリカ・ラテンアメリカ・オセアニア — 全 下位分類

This book presents a new framework for understanding the dynamics that connect protests, protest campaigns and armed conflict. Through a comparative study of conflicts in Colombia and South Africa, it shows the processes of collective action and their escalation to protest campaigns and civil wars, as well as the de-escalation of conflict away from armed conflict. The book moves past the traditional division between studies of collective action and the literature on civil wars to present a tool to help us understand why growing socio-political tensions, inequality and global tensions across the world could lead to a sharp rise in organised violence.

It is a vital resource for scholars and practitioners focused on sociology, political science, conflict and peace studies, and international relations. Dr. Diaz Pabon explores how shifts in political freedoms, equality, state strength and legitimacy, and provision of public services can help us to understand the processes of escalation, de-escalation and recurrence of conflict. In doing so, he provides new insights into the dynamics of protests, riots and violence emerging across the world.

This book tells the story of how residents of Iitate village and volunteers from across Japan came together to address the many complex issues that followed the Fukushima nuclear disaster.It outlines challenges faced by every rural village: producing the food and energy needed by unsustainable, increasingly disaster-prone cities; maintaining their rich cultures despite depopulation and aging, and having the autonomy of their communities removed by the centralisation of power in capital regions, especially in the wake of crisis. The disaster caused an unprecedented situation, never experienced in Fukushima, Japan or anywhere else. There were no real experts anywhere in the world with experience in such a revitalization project - and official successes were limited. Responsibility fell to the people, who independently initiated collaborative efforts to address not only issues of contamination monitoring and decontamination, but also complex issues of healthcare, agriculture, forestry, trade, business innovation, and ultimately the revitalization of livelihoods and the village community. The book takes a practical, every day, scientific and human approach to discuss how humans might once again co-exist with nature in the context of fundamental shifts in human civilization, learning from Iitate village. It serves as a model for 21st century local revitalization movements, pioneering ways to create new public spaces for action, to overcome problems of modernity and to move toward coexistence with nature. The work will appeal to disaster management experts, and students and scholars in disaster studies, city planning, environmental science, nuclear energy, Japan studies, international relations and sociology.

Amid North Korea's advancing nuclear capabilities and the declining credibility of U.S. extended deterrence, South Korea has a strong motive to pursue its own nuclear deterrent. With its advanced nuclear energy program, South Korea possesses the means to develop nuclear weapons indigenously. However, its opportunity to do so is constrained by the prohibitive economic, security and reputational costs of nuclear armament. To circumvent these costs, Seoul is engaging in "nuclear hedging," pursuing the capability to develop nuclear weapons rapidly while stopping short of actual weaponization.

Drawing on Korean- and English-language documents, archival materials, and interviews with South Korean security experts, Lami Kim offers the most comprehensive analysis to date of South Korea's pursuit of nuclear hedging as an alternative to both nuclear restraint and outright nuclear armament. South Korea's renunciation of its nuclear weapons program in the 1970s - and its subsequent restraint - should not be mistaken for an absence of nuclear ambition grounded in confidence in U.S. extended deterrence. Instead, under both conservative and progressive governments, Seoul has sought the ability to acquire nuclear weapons rapidly, if necessary, as an insurance policy. A major contribution to the literature on nuclear deterrence, nonproliferation, and Korean studies, this book delivers timely and insightful policy recommendations for both Washington and Seoul.

This landmark volume offers the first comprehensive demographic examination of family transformation in contemporary India, situating the country's evolving landscape within the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) framework. It reveals a family system in flux, caught between deep-rooted collectivist traditions and rising individual aspirations. Grounded in extensive primary research, including unique, large-scale surveys across India, the book offers a thoughtful, data-driven analysis of how shifting family dynamics and evolving models of family-building are impacting vulnerable populations. These include women managing the "second shift," children shaped by diverse family structures, the elderly facing the erosion of care networks, and families bearing the responsibility of caring for disabled members. It navigates critical topics from transformations in nuptial bonding and cohabitation patterns among the urban educated to shifting childbearing practices and evolving marriage markets. What distinguishes this treatise is its capture of the fundamental dialectic: the tension between the "golden cage" of traditional marriage and the shadows of the SDT, rising age at marriage, marital dissolution, and individual self-actualisation, unfolding within persistent familial obligation and their impact on women's status and economic empowerment. Weaving macro-level data with rich micro-level evidence, the volume illuminates both winners and losers of this transition, offering indispensable insights for scholars, policymakers, and practitioners worldwide.

This book shows that in our interconnected world, conflicts in one area have consequences that go beyond borders, and for the environment that sustains us. In two volumes it addresses more than 140 topics, which include: socio-economic issues, cultural and political development, conflict management, sustainable development, spirituality, history, gender, philosophy and the humanities. Gathering ideas from over 140 contributors from around Africa and the world, it offers a valuable resource for academic programme developers as well as peacebuilders and development professionals at institutions of higher learning, civil society organisations and state institutions, as well as the general public.

This book seeks to incorporate often-neglected perspectives within discussions on migration and the global labour market. It focuses on the role and experiences of women involved in South-North migration and looks at the factors that lead to their migration and movement. Based on empirical evidence of women migrating from sub-Saharan African to Europe, the outcomes of migration are contextualised within the conditions female migrants faced in their original country. Access to waged employment and shifts within household power dynamics often appeal to women who live in countries where they only have access to unwaged work and where their civil, political, and economic freedoms are restricted. Insight into the economic and structural inequalities that prevent the marginalized, including women in less gender equal societies, from migration opportunities are also covered.

This book is a corrective to the current conversations on migration that overlook the economic and social experiences of women in the Global South. It will be relevant to students, researchers, and policymakers interested in the economics of migration and the experiences of migrants.

This book presents the latest discoveries from archaeological sites of Sanxingdui and Jinsha. As the most comprehensive and detailed compilation of the archaeological works summaries of a century with a focus on academic achievement, it brings together detailed excavation reports, with a particular focus on significant findings in recent years. This book systematically explores the ancient Shu civilization, examining its cultural expressions, resource utilization, social structures, and interactions with surrounding cultures. This book serves as an essential reference for archaeologists, historians, anthropologists, and specialists in cultural heritage, as well as for a broader readership with an interest in ancient Chinese civilization.

Over the last decade, a youth revolt has swept through Asia. Massive, regime-rocking protests have grabbed global attention as students and other young people have confronted security forces on the streets, taking great risks to condemn authoritarian rule, promote democracy, and to push forward new agendas of personal freedom and gender equality. Behind the scenes, young people have experimented with novel and diverse modes of political and social activism, often using new tools of online communication and cultural expression, forging new kinds of coalitions, and exploring nonconfrontational and subterranean networking.

Youth Activism in Asia focuses equally on the episodes of spectacular protest and on varieties of less visible engagement, examining the diversity, origins, and impact of contemporary youth activism in Asia. With fifteen case studies, the volume highlights shared patterns among demands, tactical repertoires, and activist networks, and examines what differentiates protest movements across countries and over time. Drawing on original fieldwork and, in many cases, their own experience, the authors address Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and transnational activism. Conceiving of "activism" broadly as any action intended to bring about social and political change, the volume makes theoretical contributions to our understanding of the relationship between protest and democratic backsliding, engagement with new communication technologies, and this generation's distinctive intersectional politics. Youth Activism in Asia showcases the creativity, energy, boldness, and diversity of a new generation of Asian political activists.

The Turkish state and the Kurdistan Workers' Party engaged in a counterinsurgency war for nearly four decades. Over this period, Diyarbakir, the de facto capital of Greater Kurdistan, was a site of sieges and ceasefires, welfare and humanitarian relief, NGO interventions and decolonial resistance - the complementary, intertwined processes of low-intensity war. War turned urban slums into high-security frontiers and transactional hubs for policy design, and settled deep into embodied knowledges and environments.

Through committed and engaged ethnography, Umut Yildirim reveals how destruction and displacement became structures of extraction, by which the Turkish state subjugated the Kurdish population into an object to be intervened in, traded, and contained. She also tracks Kurdish efforts to reassert their own stories of war through fact-building, welfare and compensation, women's wellbeing, acts of solidarity, and environmental politics. What we see is a constant dance between war and peace, movement building and its containment, forced displacement and its rehabilitation, memory and its transmutations, environmental damage and its reconstruction. Extractive States offers compelling example of how low-intensity war transforms everyday needs, embodied knowledges, and uprooted populations into securitized knowledge - and how everyday sites of perseverance can reveal such extraction, and thus help conceive of novel modes of resistance.

This book introduces the research perspective and development of urban social geography, the main schools, and their research methods in foreign countries. The book is divided into three parts.

The first part is a general introduction to the teaching and research methods of urban social geography. This book focuses on how to carry out social surveys on the phenomena and problems of urban social geography in China, as well as the key points to pay attention to in completing an urban social geography research independently, especially the specific writing points of the paper, including the structure and logical relationship of the paper, the specific writing, paragraph arrangement, abstract writing, the selection of keywords, the writing of literature review, the use of scientific language, the writing of discussions and conclusions, literature query and reference annotation, etc.

The second and third parts are on the teaching and research practice of urban social geography. It is divided into two parts: macro perspective and micro perspective. In addition to a few papers written by the editor-in-chief of this book, most of the papers are carefully selected from the works of Peking University students, aiming to provide excellent model essays for undergraduate or graduate students in related majors, which can be compared with the previous general thesis, serve as a reference, and are also convenient for students to understand intuitively.

This book asks what peace means when the state wages war against its own citizens in the name of security in the war on drugs. Set in Rio de Janeiro, a deeply unequal city where life chances are shaped by race, class, gender and neighbourhood, it questions whose peace is protected, and at whose expense. Tracing the historical racialisation, marginalisation and criminalisation of the favelas, the book shows how this has resulted in complex forms of hybrid governance involving criminal groups, police and the state. It conceptualizes urban violence in Rio as a form of performative, necropolitical state war-making, where a discourse of security sustains deadly and inefficient operations in the favelas. In this violent context, the book explores favela peace formation as a grassroots alternative, in which residents construct new forms of nonviolent politics and envision more just and peaceful futures, offering important insights for rethinking and decolonizing peace.

This book presents an up-to-date Persian edition and English translation of Ma'athiru'l-umara, a biographical dictionary of the officers of the Mughal Empire from Babur's reign at the beginning of the sixteenth century until almost the end of the eighteenth century compiled by Shahnawaz Khan Aurangabadi and completed by his son Abdul-Hayy. Insofar as possible the sources from which the authors derived their information have been identified, and explanatory notes are given for technical terms in Persian and native Indian terminology. Almost all places mentioned in the text have been identified. It is an essential reference work for scholars of Indo-Persian studies and Indian history.

Inner Worlds examines the emergence and operation of representations of interiority-consciousness, "folk mind," "spirit"-in Japan from its industrial revolution to the rise of fascism during the interwar period. These representations functioned to reproduce the capitalist system by containing its excesses. Thus, poverty in the 1880s was ostensibly the result of defects in one's innate mental character. A degenerate "crowd mind" explained the strikes and riots of the early twentieth century. State subversion during the 1930s supposedly reflected an attenuated "folk spirit." By locating the roots of capitalism's excesses not within the socioeconomic order itself but within a defective interiority, ideologies of interiority operated to contain disruptions to Japan's socioeconomic order, conceal its defects, and sustain the capitalist system. Inner Worlds reveals how interiority was constituted in ways consistent with both the demands of the emerging capitalist order of the late nineteenth century and the conditions that coalesced to form a fascist conjecture in the 1930s.

While global urban discourse remains dominated by the spectacular, high-rise gentrification of central city areas, this book aims to deepen our understanding of the quiet, mundane redevelopments that transform the inner-city neighborhoods of the Global East. Exploring this "shadow of gentrification," it provides a rich empirical analysis of Osaka, Japan-a primary example of emerging neoliberalism playing out across an inner-city shaped by the developmental state. Despite departing from conventional gentrification, the analysis focuses on social change and capital reinvestment. Through evidence from extensive field research and interviews, it traces three distinct trajectories of neighborhood change: retro renovation driven by small businesses in Nakazaki; art-led renovation facilitated by a local landlord in Kitakagaya; and welfare-led renovation triggered by livelihood protection amendments in Northwest Nishinari. The analysis reveals a nascent "precarious city," in which the working class is replaced by populations marked by precarity and fragmentation, standing outside the societal project of the developmental state. Ultimately, this book argues for embracing the trajectories of neighborhood change in the Global East, while treating gentrification as a conceptual vanishing point to guide analyses that sometimes lead into the spotlight, and sometimes into the shadow of gentrification.

Rethinking life with microbes through the art of natural fermentation

Within us and around us, microbes are everywhere, constantly reshaping what it means to be human as we interact with them - sometimes knowingly, sometimes not. Singing with Invisible Worlds theorizes human-microbe relationships through a rare ethnographic account of the fermentation process at the 350-year-old Terada Honke, one of only two natural sake breweries in Japan.

Painting a vivid picture of how sake brewers collaborate with bacteria, molds, and yeasts, Maya Hey reveals that ambient microbes are not controlled but courted, cultivated, and deliberately choreographed. As the brewers adapt to shifting microbial dynamics, they engage in what Hey calls an "improvisational ethic" - a way of responding to the unknown with care and attentiveness through each phase of blooming and waning across weeks, months, and even centuries. In documenting these remarkable practices, Singing with Invisible Worlds offers an intimate, situated understanding of how we can come to know and live with microbial life, with implications for feminist theory, science and technology studies, and multispecies ethnography.

Unsettling simplistic notions of "good" or "bad" microbes, this book presents a compelling vision for planetary coexistence - one that starts not with grand solutions but with small, rhythmic acts of microscopic attunement.

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With a keen attention to how culture and elite conflict shape politics, The Great Separation upends deterministic understandings of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the market reforms that followed. This ambitious posthumous volume by sociologist Xiaohong Xu turns the existing scholarship on China's "neoliberalism" on its head by demonstrating that the effort to separate mass politics from economic policy had its origins well before the Reform and Opening-up era.

Over the course of the Cultural Revolution, unfolding factional dynamics and interpretive struggles enabled Chairman Mao and his radical colleagues to mobilize workers to advance their own political goals while neutralizing the masses' economic demands, symbolically separating the political from the economic. This set the stage for a more thoroughgoing depoliticization of the economy after 1989, when China faced challenges from students and workers whose economic grievances had rapidly morphed into political demands for democracy. The result was what Xu calls ordoeconomism: an ideology that valorizes economic development, rejects mass politics, and views the state as the apolitical guardian of the economy. As Xu demonstrates, while ordoeconomism may share some affinities with neoliberalism, it is a distinctively Chinese approach that must be understood on its own terms.

Educational inequality has been largely examined through nuclear family-based research, yet the role of extended family members, especially grandparents, remains underexplored (Mare, 2011). This book investigates grandparental effects on grandchildren's educational outcomes in China, where three-generation co-residence prevails and grandparental involvement in childcare remains intensive. Results reveal that grandchildren with better-educated grandparents perform better in school, with household educational investment as a key mediator. Grandchildren also benefit academically from higher educational expectations among low-SES grandmothers, and from consistent authoritative parents and grandparents. This book suggests that educational inequality research should move beyond the parent-child dyad and explore the role of grandparents in the intergenerational reproduction of educational inequality.

This book, as part of a book series on migration in Chinese history, explores migration that took place in the Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. This series is a complete, systematic general history on migration in China, the first of its kind both in China and abroad. Though it falls into the category of East Asian History, it is actually an interdisciplinary academic work that looks into not merely history but also culture, customs and historical geography. For the migration of each sub-period, the book seeks to identify the causes, participants, times, destinations, origins, routes and directions of migration, as well as the process of settlement and effect. It also tries to make quantitative analysis and sum up underlying patterns. This book draws evidence from a broad spectrum of sources, including literature, social customs and linguistics, in addition to official histories. It is not only a monograph on historical migrations in China, but also offers an opportunity of interpreting historical transformations from the perspective of migration. This book is intended for academic readers who study migration, Chinese history and historical geography, as well as the general public who loves Chinese culture and wishes to view Chinese culture from a novel perspective.

An urgent examination of Palestine's humanitarian crisis - revealing international aid as both a lifeline and an instrument of colonial power.

For decades, the international community, Israeli occupation, and Palestinian elites have engineered the humanitarianization of the Palestinian Territories - reframing the question of Palestine as a humanitarian concern rather than a political one. Today, the West Bank and Gaza Strip have become the world's humanitarian laboratory, and Palestinians are among the largest recipients per capita of humanitarian aid. This aid provides Palestinians with essential tools for survival and resilience, yet it has also entrenched Israeli colonial control.

Across a series of bracing essays authored by anthropologist Sa'ed Atshan, In a Land of Aid traces how humanitarianism has become the dominant lens through which Palestinian life is now governed. Drawing on over a decade of research, Atshan introduces readers to foreign aid workers, policymakers, scholars, and Palestinians as they navigate political constraints on the ground. Together, these encounters reveal an aid apparatus riddled with contradiction: simultaneously sustaining life, narrowing political imagination, and generating new forms of inequality and contestation.

Writing with principled care, Atshan amplifies Palestinian voices that express growing ambivalence toward both the prevailing humanitarian discourse and the inherited resistance narratives that no longer fully capture their embodied realities. Atshan finds that to understand contemporary global humanitarianism, we must reckon with its impact in Palestine; and to understand contemporary Palestinian society, we must confront the role of aid. Ultimately, this book insists that the most powerful response to the paradoxically dehumanizing effects of aid lies in our affirmation of shared humanity.

Medicines travel, transform, and multiply meanings across Asia's markets, temples, texts, and bodiesWhat makes something a medicine? To answer this deceptively simple question, Global Lives of Medicines offers twelve richly detailed biographies of medicinal substances across Asian history. From ginseng and frankincense to aconite, radish, and live leeches, contributors trace how materials moved through markets, temples, courts, homes, and laboratories while continually acquiring new meanings and uses.

Across the chapters, familiar categories begin to dissolve. Substances may function simultaneously as food, poison, ritual tool, or sacred object. Healing agents may be plant roots, minerals, aromatics, or even living creatures. Through these diverse case studies spanning East and South Asia, Global Lives of Medicines demonstrates how the boundaries between medicine, technology, religion, and commerce were constantly negotiated in different historical contexts. By placing these biographies in dialogue, it offers a new approach to the history of medicine-one that foregrounds the materiality, mobility, and cultural transformation of therapeutic substances across Asia.

Feminist ideas spread quickly while feminism remains unpopular by designIn contemporary China, feminism circulates widely across digital media, popular culture, and consumer markets, yet it remains politically precarious. Viral Dissent examines this paradox through an incisive study of feminist activism, misogyny, and gender politics in China's rapidly evolving digital landscape.

Drawing on interviews, ethnographic observation, and analysis of high-profile online controversies, Sara Liao traces the complex life of feminism in a system shaped by platform capitalism, techno-nationalism, and individual users. Feminist discourse spreads through social media campaigns, influencer culture, and viral debates, but its visibility-and survival-is carefully managed. Through case studies of #MeToo activism, anti-victim-blaming campaigns, online misogyny, and digital feminist groups, Liao conceptualizes "unpopular feminism," a feminism that operates as both a popular cultural genre and a stigmatized political project. Some forms of feminist expression are celebrated as part of the booming "sheconomy," while others-particularly those calling for collective action or structural change-face marginalization, censorship, harassment, and nationalist backlash.

Bridging media studies, gender studies, and transnational feminist theory, Viral Dissent offers a powerful account of how feminist struggle is reshaped at the intersection of capital, technology, state power, and everyday media use, illuminating the possibilities and limits of activism in an era of global platforms, commercialized visibility, and authoritarian governance.

Against the backdrop of media representations of Africa through persistent and pervasive images of emaciated, starving Africans and the critical need to marshall food aid in response, Hungry Subjects places Africa's food anxiety within a broader historical context and expands ongoing food scholarship beyond its current confines in the social sciences. Njeri Githire weaves together coming-of-age texts across the African and African diasporic literary landscape in English, French, and Portuguese expression to ask how African writers incorporate food into their storylines to transmit cultural information, question norms, and propose alternatives. Eating is an intimately personal yet inherently social experience codified by public rituals and commerce, invariably linked to a larger tapestry of historical, cultural, economic, and political dynamics. Delving into the political dynamics of food as a tool of power and control alongside subversive potentialities, Hungry Subjects appraises the narrative and political thrust of (not-)eating and exposes the ways in which postcolonial manifestations of colonial-era power relations are symbolized in food's many functions and meanings.

This second part of a two-volume work offers a comprehensive exploration of China's ambitious "Made in China 2025" initiative and its broader geopolitical implications. By examining China's strategic shift from a low-cost manufacturing hub to a high-tech powerhouse, chapters provide a critical assessment of the initiative's progress and its impact on global economic dynamics.

In this volume, authors explore the idea that through the MIC 2025 initiative, China seeks not only to reduce structural dependencies on advanced economies but also to redefine the institutional logic governing.

Through expert contributions, readers will gain insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by China's industrial strategies, including the semiconductor "chips war" and the new global bipolarity centered around technology and innovation.

This volume is essential for scholars and practitioners in international political economy, Chinese studies, and global economic governance. It offers a nuanced understanding of China's evolving role on the global stage, making it a valuable resource for graduate-level courses and research institutions focused on contemporary China. With its interdisciplinary approach, the book provides a holistic view of China's rise and its implications for the future of global economic and strategic competition.

Since South Africa's democratization in 1994, the urban centers have become hubs for international finance and tourism while the peripheral townships remain burdened by poverty and crime. In Cape Town, the country's leisure capital, racial segregation has grown a township tourism market that promises an "authentic" South African experience for visitors and an economic opportunity for township residents. Black women, rejecting the notion of "slum tourism," have spearheaded an accommodation sector by turning their township homes into bed and breakfasts and guesthouses. These entrepreneurial hostesses welcome white Western tourists as well as more frequent, though less recognized, Black South African guests. By tailoring their gendered service labor for different clientele, they curate multiple narratives of township life and South Africa's future.

Pinpointing women's homes as sites of ideological construction, Accommodating Aspirations considers how tourism shapes the way we understand "developing" countries. Annie Hikido critically examines how historical structures and everyday practices produce perceptions of neighborhoods and nations. Drawing from rich ethnographic fieldwork, Hikido demonstrates how township hostesses construct competing portrayals of place through race, class, gender, and nation. Poignant portraits of their homespun hospitality illuminate the promise and precarity of Black townships in the afterlife of apartheid.