文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Polygamy: The Basics is an accessible and engaging introduction to the kinship structure known as plural marriage or polygamy. Tailored for general readers and non-specialists, this book distils research findings from evolutionary anthropology, history, economics, political science, and cultural anthropology to survey polygamy's place in human cultural, economic, and demographic developments from prehistory to the present. It addresses questions such as:

• How have perceptions of plural marriage have changed over time?
• Where does polygamy fit within human reproduction and family organization?
• What is the pair bond and is it universal or learned?
• Is polygamy a choice and, if so, for whom?
• Is polygamy inherently harmful?

Drawing on global case studies, it endeavors to help readers aside their own cultural prisms and preconceived notions in order to examine plural marriage in its proper complexity.

Contributors highlight the value of prioritising practice-based conversations and avoiding the pitfalls of reductive narratives, whether narrowly defined as colonial or positioned as pioneering the decolonial turn. They demonstrate how engaged anthropology involves deep reflexivity both in terms of everyday practice and the remaking of more equitable relationships. Chapters investigate key themes surrounding decolonisation, such as strategies, feminist research as collaborative education, awareness and funding structures, presenting a fluid and non-hierarchical approach to the practice of decolonial anthropology.

Innovative in content and scope, Decolonial Engagements in Anthropology is an essential resource for scholars and students of anthropology, postcolonial studies, museum studies and related social science disciplines. NGO policymakers and activists will likewise benefit from its astute analysis and broad scope.

Living Futures offers a fresh and exciting perspective on how people imagine and make futures as part of their everyday lives. It addresses important questions about who is included in futures thinking and futures making, and who is excluded.

Bringing together historical, anthropological, sociological, geographical and arts-based perspectives, this book provides a pithy yet expansive overview of social theories, research and creative approaches applied to futures thinking. Global practices and traditions of divination, fortune telling and speculation from antiquity to the present day are investigated for how they help people deal with uncertainty and engage with the yet-to-come, while also serving political and economic objectives. The book emphasises the plasticity of temporalities and lived experiences across diverse social groups, together with the role of the creatures, things, landscapes, and ecosystems with which we share our futures. The concluding chapter integrates the insights offered from each of the fields of research discussed in the book, providing ideas to spark vibrant and transformative approaches to creative futuring.

Living Futures will appeal to academics and students interested in the history, sociology, anthropology and geography of futures, futures studies, possibility studies, anticipation studies, design and forecasting, as well as anyone interested in how innovative social research and creative approaches offer new insights into futures thinking.

An Introduction to Audio Description in Museums, Galleries and Heritage Sites is a comprehensive guide that explores Audio Description (AD), a specialised verbal commentary that transforms visual information into accessible content for people who cannot fully perceive images. While AD has established applications in theatres, cinemas and broadcast media, its implementation in museums, galleries and heritage sites represents a rapidly growing field with unique challenges and opportunities.

Live audio-described tours and recorded audio descriptive guides serve as invaluable resources for blind and partially sighted visitors, combining engaging descriptions with practical navigation directions. These tools function simultaneously as intellectual support and practical aids, enabling meaningful engagement with cultural spaces. The book examines whether AD can transcend its utilitarian function to become an art form in itself, exploring how describing art might constitute its own creative practice.

The volume addresses the critical need for accessible cultural experiences, focusing specifically on provision of visual access for blind and partially sighted visitors to museums, galleries and heritage sites. It offers practical advice, exercises and professional guidance to museum staff and translation professionals, providing clear frameworks for understanding AD implementation and execution in cultural contexts. Written for diverse audiences, this book serves as essential reading for students of Audiovisual Translation within Translation Studies and Accessibility within Museum and Curatorial Studies. It also functions as a vital reference for professional curators seeking to understand AD's potential contributions to visitor experience and for experienced describers looking to diversify from traditional AD contexts into the specialised museum environment. The guide bridges theoretical understanding with practical application, making it an indispensable resource for anyone involved in creating more inclusive and accessible cultural institutions.

The Routledge Handbook of Applied Anthropology provides a comprehensive overview of applied anthropology, offering a global portrait of key problem sets, methods, and materials that anthropologists use when working in business, government, and non-governmental organizational settings.

Bringing together leading scholars and practitioners from across the globe, this innovative Handbook maps the full breadth of applied anthropology - its diverse conceptualizations, its deep roots in community engagement, and its vital role in addressing today's most urgent challenges. Spanning places from Peru and Morocco to China, Australia, and North America, the Handbook highlights how anthropologists everywhere blend theory and practice to confront climate disruption, health inequities, cultural loss, forced migration, technological transformation, and more. It offers a rare global, decolonial perspective, dismantling the outdated divide between "academic" and "applied" work, and centers collaboration, reciprocity, and social impact.

This is a landmark volume that redefines what it means to put anthropology to work in a rapidly changing world. Designed for students, educators, practitioners, and organizational partners, the handbook illuminates wide-ranging career pathways in nonprofits, business, government, and community-based contexts. It prepares the next generation for meaningful futures in a world where anthropological insight is urgently needed.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Archaeology in the Global Cold War explores archaeological practices, theories, and methods, as well as social networks and knowledge circulation in Eastern and Western Europe and beyond during the Cold War (1947-1989).

Drawing on archival sources, published works, and personal recollections, this volume examines archaeology under the Cold War at a broad international scale and from a range of thematic, theoretical, and methodological perspectives. It is structured in five parts. The first examines how political ideology and propaganda shaped archaeological knowledge production. The second explores the relationship between Cold War science policy and archaeological practice. The third analyses the role of institutions and individual actors. Addressing theory and method, the fourth part considers developments such as aerial photography and the work of influential figures. The volume concludes with personal accounts by archaeologists reflecting on their professional experiences, integrating lived experience with broader historical analysis.

This volume is for archaeologists interested in the history of their discipline, historians of science and the humanities, and scholars of contemporary history working on the intellectual history of the Cold War.

Egyptology saw its birth as a science during the latter part of the nineteenth century, even though Westerners had been traveling there for millennia. These volumes will present several foundational texts of the discipline in this crucial century, showing throughout each volume the slow, and not quite complete, shift from an amateur pursuit to a professional field of study. In doing so this collection demonstrates that the timeline and specifics of the professionalization of science in the nineteenth century was often discipline specific. Yet, the collection also shows that there was a lot more at stake in this history than a story of gradually becoming a science. Long before the institutionalization of Egyptology, there were Western people traveling to Egypt for various reasons and collecting artefacts to send or take home. This collection will highlight and interrogate the foundational texts that made up the early years of the discipline, travel writings, issues on collecting Egypt, and Egypt's place in fiction.

This book explores the culturally significant objects of various Indigenous peoples in Siberia by considering the power, agency, use and evolving meanings of these objects over time. It acknowledges that top-down conceptualizations of heritage, in Russia as anywhere, are only one element of a complex story that is negotiated by multiple actors. The book further explores the shifting politics and spirituality of material objects and their role in the construction of heritage across this vast multi-ethnic region from Indigenous perspectives.

The regional case studies consider human-non-human interactions involving objects, which are more-than-things, such as ritual rugs, Buddhist relics, shamanic figurines and wooden carvings in contemporary Indigenous communities as well as in museum contexts. The overarching dominance of the Soviet state and now modern Russia, which had - and continues to have - conflicted bureaucratic views towards Indigeneity and heritage management, provides a crucial backdrop for the assessment of the resilience of Siberian Indigenous peoples.

Through the lens of critical heritage studies and decolonial methodologies, this book sheds new light on numerous cultural, political, social and economic processes that are currently unfolding in Siberia and in the wider Indigenous world beyond. Its case studies have implications for a range of contemporary debates in anthropology, religious studies, and the wider social sciences and humanities, including those on animism, human-animal relations, shamanism, secularization and the global repatriation of cultural objects.

This brief provides a unique overview that weaves a thread across the deep history of the management and symbolism of wild aurochs and domestic cattle in Sudan, where these practices are attested for over 15,000 to 20,000 years. It highlights the central preoccupation with these bovids by societies of the region, from the time of the earliest funerary rituals involving wild aurochs in the late Pleistocene, to the introduction of domestic cattle in the Neolithic, to pre-state societies through the historical period into the present day. It recounts the relationship between humans and the African aurochs, the processes of wild animal management, the prey pathway that provides a possible model for domestication, the introduction of Bos taurus to the African continent, and then the establishment of widespread herding practices, including the introgression of the African aurochs into domesticated cattle populations. Finally, it emphasises the economic and symbolic value of cattle seen through social cults and even a human 'infatuation' with cattle by observing the roles and representations of these animals from different disciplinary perspectives. Its geographic scope covers modern Sudan's territory, extending from Nubia, in the Middle Nile Valley, to the wider Nile Basin, as well as to eastern and western Sudan.

The herding of domestic animals came to shape the societies of North-Eastern Africa during a period of over 10,000 years, up to the present. With focus on cattle, this volume examines the deep history of the origins of pastoralism in Africa and the economic, political, and religious role they came to play over time. Animal herding is the subsistence economy that is best adapted to arid and semi-arid environments, such as those in North-Eastern Africa, with cattle herding playing a prominent role in providing economic needs by serving as a 'walking larder' and 'storage on the hoof' and in ritual through its symbolic role, including the practice of sacrifice. From an economic point of view, cattle can provide meat, milk, blood, skin, sinew, manure, fuel, and labor, and can serve as a currency of exchange and a store of value. From a symbolic point of view, their physical presence in tombs and in movable (figurines) and immovable art (rock engravings and paintings) represents a material demonstration of ostentatious wealth and/or social status that can be converted into political support by building a clientele by means of exchange and redistribution, as well as a manifestation of divinity. Finally, from a ritual point of view, ceremonies related to a cattle cult fix and consolidate social bonds between members of a community.

The Evolution of the Jola Ethnic Group traces how globalization, imperial formations, religious movements, and postcolonial state-making have reshaped Jola/Diola communities in Foni and Casamance across Senegal, The Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. Combining international relations, comparative politics, and political anthropology, the book links ritual life (initiation, masquerade, music), agrarian economies, migration, and gender to conflict dynamics, authoritarian rule, elections, and human rights. It situates Jola history within the rise of regional empires, the trans-Atlantic slave trade and resulting depopulation, and French and British colonial policies that imposed borders and reconfigured local institutions. The study reconstructs egalitarian, acephalous forms of authority; examines responses to Christian missions and Islamic jihad; and explains how many Jola selectively integrate new religious practices with longstanding traditions. It offers a sustained account of the Casamance rebellion and its humanitarian consequences, and traces the emergence of Jola actors in national politics in Senegal and The Gambia. A dedicated chapter analyzes the 2016 Gambian presidential election using original survey evidence and multinomial logistic regression to weigh economic evaluations, ethnicity, and human-rights concerns in voter choice. With a glossary and an ethics note on consent and permissions, the volume provides a source-rich, teaching-ready contribution for scholars and graduate students in international studies, African politics, political anthropology, and the study of religion.

This book examines ecological practice through an approach that challenges dominant anthropocentric and ecocentric perspectives in environmental political theory. The work argues that different mainstream approaches tend to objectify the ecological by treating it as a uniform set of behaviors or techniques detached from its social contexts, based on dualistic assumptions. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of the Chilean island of Chiloe, the book explores the ecological as an embedded practice in which attachment, body and sociability play a critical role. The theoretical framework combines insights from authors such as Elinor Ostrom, Pedro Morande, Robert Spaemann, Bruno Latour, strands of feminist theory and phenomenology, and especially Alasdair MacIntyre's reflections on vulnerability and dependence. The central thesis is that ecological practice is sustained by a community ethos of acknowledged dependence, in which vulnerability and need provide reasons to care and overcome instrumental rationality. By articulating the concepts of care, flourishing, limits and belonging, the book outlines a view of communities of everyday ecological practice that recovers the experience of the living as crucial for ecological politics at the local scale and beyond.

This book offers a compelling archaeological exploration of China's millennia-old civilization. It masterfully synthesizes material evidence with classical texts such as The Rites of Zhou (Zhouli), anchored by 15 iconic cultural artifacts. These range from the Jiahu bone flute (a testament to the sophistication of early Chinese musical systems) and the Liangzhu jade cong (a symbol of early political hierarchy and ritual authority) to the Four-Ram Square zun (a masterpiece of Shang Dynasty bronze craftsmanship) and the astronomical lacquer box from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng.

Adopting a rigorous interdisciplinary approach spanning archaeology, history, astronomy, metallurgy, and ritual studies, Peng Lin illuminates the technical ingenuity, cultural traditions, and social structures of ancient China, while highlighting the unity in diversity that shaped the evolution of Chinese civilization. Far from a static exhibition of relics, the book employs a "dual evidence" approach-cross-checking unearthed materials against received texts-to challenge fragmented interpretations of the past. Essential reading for university liberal arts curricula, it offers scholars and general readers alike a nuanced yet accessible lens on the nexus between material culture and the origins of Chinese civilization.

This book offers an innovative perspective on cultural heritage, blending theory, practice, and management through a comprehensive, interdisciplinary lens. It proposes a systemic approach to understanding heritage as a dynamic and evolving entity, emphasizing its interconnectedness with social, cultural, environmental, and technological systems.

By challenging traditional methods of preservation and management, this work advocates for more inclusive, sustainable, and adaptive practices that engage local communities, incorporate digital technologies, and address the challenges posed by globalization and climate change. It provides practical frameworks, real-world case studies, and strategies for heritage professionals, aiming to inspire a shift toward more holistic and collaborative approaches to cultural heritage conservation. Ultimately, this book serves as a timely and essential resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, seeking to redefine how cultural heritage is understood, valued, and protected in a rapidly changing world.

This book introduces the maritime activities of India, which date back to the Harappan period, highlighting that India is one of the world's oldest seafaring nations. It summarises archaeological findings, inscriptions, epigraphy, and various written sources that have significantly contributed to reconstructing the sea-oriented history of the Indian subcontinent. This history includes understanding contacts with the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea coast, and Southeast Asian countries from the early historical period onward. Geographers and travellers, including the anonymous author of the 'Periplus of the Erythraean Sea,' Ptolemy, Megasthenes, Hiuen Tsang, Al-Masudi, Marco Polo, and many others, have documented India's maritime connections with overseas countries across the centuries. In the last three decades, scholars from various universities and research organisations have conducted extensive exploration and excavations along India's west and east coasts, uncovering several ports and trade centres. Some of these can be matched with sites mentioned by ancient geographers and travellers, while others have been newly discovered through archaeological research.

Along with the second volume, this book presents the most recent research findings from over fifty experts in the maritime archaeology of India. It serves as a valuable reference for scholars studying the Indian Ocean trade and South Asia from a long-term perspective.

This book studies the multiple ways of breathing (in) and knowing (of) contemporary lifeworlds. It offers a collection of ethnographic and interdisciplinary essays articulating the politics and poetics of air, atmosphere, and the body across diverse geographical locations, historical moments, and theoretical approaches. The book argues that air, atmosphere, and the body are relational entities shaping and shaped by the very act of breathing. It shows how differences in air, atmosphere, and the body at the scales of neighborhoods, regions, nation-states, and the planet co-constitute breathing inequalities and respiratory conditions of possibilities in suffocating times.

As part of the Routledge Critical Perspectives on Breath and Breathing series, Ways of Breathing and Knowing will be an indispensable critical pedagogical companion for students and researchers of anthropology, gender studies, political sciences, science and technology studies, psychology, environmental studies, human geography, and philosophy. It will also be of interest to activists, artists, curators, and cultural and environmental institutions.

Now in its fifth edition, Exploring Medical Anthropology provides a concise and engaging introduction to medical anthropology. It presents competing theoretical perspectives in a balanced fashion, highlighting points of conflict and convergence. Concrete examples and the authors' personal research experiences are utilized to explain some of the discipline's most important insights, such as the idea that biology and culture matter equally in the human experience of illness and disease and that medical anthropology can help alleviate human suffering.

This text has been thoroughly updated for the fifth edition, including new material on intersectionality, reproductive health, and public health (including Covid-19); additional material on theory and methods, including rapid ethnographic assessment; and additional ethnographic case examples and anthropological scholarship.

It contains a range of pedagogical features to support teaching and learning, including images, text boxes, a glossary, and suggested further reading.

There is a long history of interaction and collaboration between artist and archaeologist. However, recent provocative work in the field, studio, museum and gallery, has opened new possibilities for radical alliances and creations. Disrupting Archaeology and Art presents the work and conversation of an archaeologist and a contemporary painter who have moved into experimental territories beyond the traditional boundaries of their disciplines. This book presents detailed descriptions of six important works made by the authors.

Doug Bailey's aim is to change the ways that archaeologists engage with the materials of the past. His montages, films, and performance destructions (such as Releasing the Archive) undermine traditionally unquestioned tenets of archaeological action and of the conservation and preservation of artefacts and ancient remains. In Disrupting Archaeology and Art, Bailey describes his reasoning and methods of making three of his more provocative works.

Simon Callery sets out to find new forms and functions for landscape-based painting. His contact paintings, pit paintings and large-scale sculptural work (Trench 10) produced in direct response to archaeological excavations in England and Wales, provoke significant debate over issues of time, image, and materiality. In Disrupting Archaeology and Art, Callery presents detailed accounts of how and why the excavation site has shaped his thinking and ambitions for contemporary painting.

This book is a conversation between two iconoclasts, placing a first-hand, makers' views of the creative process, within a wider dialogue about how artists and archaeologists respond to their shared themes of originality, time, authorship and meaning.

A holistic introduction to museum theory and practice, this second edition is designed to be the core introductory text for any foundational museum studies course being taught in any discipline.

You'll examine the evolution, divergence, definition, and legal organization of museums in the context of collections of objects and how museums perform the basic functions of preservation, communication, and research. Through the lens of museological theory and a systems approach, you'll learn how museum objects are managed by professionals and used by the public and scholars. You'll get an overview of contemporary museums worldwide and think through the future of museums. Useful as an introductory text for any foundational museum studies course - whether in library and information science, museum studies, or a related area - this text's unique perspective approaches museums as communicative knowledge systems that deal with people, objects, and ideas. The second edition includes new material on museum careers, legal issues, globalization, climate change, positive museology, and museums and sustainability.

This foundational text is adaptable to a broad range of courses and disciplines when paired with supplementary readings.

The Routledge International Handbook of Heritage and Affect brings together leading and emerging scholars, practitioners, designers, and artists to examine how heritage environments shape and are shaped by affect, emotion, embodiment, and power. Addressing museums, memorials, landscapes, and immersive heritage practices worldwide, the volume situates affect at the center of contemporary heritage theory, methods, and practice.

Organized in six thematic sections, this handbook bridges foundational debates with applied questions of heritage design, immersive media, architecture, and professional ethics. Across global case studies, the chapters show how places of heritage operate as designed atmospheres that move publics, configuring perception, memory, and political subjectivity, while also revealing how affective encounters can cultivate empathy, reproduce exclusion, or mobilize collective action. This volume integrates more-than-representational and contextual approaches to trace the motion of emotion across museums, memorials, archives, and landscapes. It also advances methodological innovation, from multisensory and multimodal ethnography to computational analysis and wearable biosensing, offering readers concrete tools for research and practice. Throughout, contributors foreground care, consent, accessibility, and justice, especially in sites of difficult heritage and cultural trauma, equipping readers to critically design, interpret, and steward heritage environments in a technologically accelerated and politically polarized world.

This handbook is for scholars and postgraduate students in heritage, museum and memory studies, cultural geography, anthropology, architecture, and digital and immersive humanities. It will also be valuable to curators, heritage professionals, exhibition designers, planners, artists, and educators seeking ethically grounded ways to understand, curate, and evaluate affective experience in museums, memorials, historic sites, and heritage landscapes.

Aquileia is the largest archaeological site in Northern Italy, which once stood at the geo-political crossroad of cultural exchanges between Italy, the central-eastern Mediterranean and continental Europe. This book explores its beginnings as a Latin frontier colony which, over time, became a flourishing commercial centre of a cosmopolitan nature. By the end of the Imperial Age, it once again became the gateway to Italy, reaffirming its strategic and military role at the time of the barbarian invasions and the spread of Christianity.

The archaeological discoveries and results of scientific research made over the last thirtyyears offer the reader an accessible and engaging history of the site that has existed from the 8th century BCE to the present day. The concluding chapters are dedicated to the rediscovery of the ancient city, its political use during Fascism and the modern investments that transformed Aquileia into one of the major archaeological tourism centres in Italy.

The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Anthropology is a definitive and comprehensive overview of forensic anthropology to date. It brings together scholars and practitioners from across the social sciences, life sciences, and medical and legal professions to establish emerging methods, highlight key concepts and ideas, and outline an agenda for research and practice for the next decade. Topics covered include:

* History of the field
* Qualifications, competencies, and accreditation in academic and applied fields
* Human remains collections
* Search and recovery
* Identification
* Sex estimation and population affinity
* Genetics
* Commingled remains
* Trauma
* Taphonomy
* Ethics and activism
* Global and regional differences

This is a crucial reference for scholars, upper-level students, and practitioners in forensic anthropology and related disciplines associated across the social sciences, life sciences, health sciences, forensic sciences, and legal professions.