文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This volume examines the turn inwards, toward matters of the self, in an era characterized by suffering, destruction and death resulting from large-scale structural problems, including global pandemics, economic inequality and climate change. As uncertainty on a large scale has begotten attempts at certainty on smaller ones, new social and cultural phenomena have emerged that can be understood and analyzed as new ways of crafting selfhood. With a particular focus on "practices of style" that reflect both aesthetic and ethical qualities, the author considers practices stemming from growing interest in sustainability, the popularity of tidying up and the ideology of minimalism, digital detoxing, discourses around "self-care" and the growing digital communities of menswear, style and wellness. An exploration of the trend toward constant reinvention of the self without the scaffolding scripts of religion and the state, Styling the Self will appeal to scholars of sociology, anthropology and social theory with interests in culture, consumption and lifestyle.

Connections and Transformations in Early Europe examines the diverse economic, social, and symbolic practices of Iron Age and early medieval societies in northern, western, and central Europe, offering fresh insights into the innovative processes of the 1st millennium BC and AD.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of connectivity, mobility, urbanism, and visual worlds in early European societies. Through regional case studies, including the British Isles, Germany, Poland, the Lower Rhine Valley, and Denmark, readers gain a deeper understanding of how social identities were communicated and urban centers emerged. With contributions from leading scholars, it delivers valuable theoretical reflections supported by the latest research and discoveries, underscoring the transformative nature of these regions during the 1st millennium.

Providing a lasting tribute to Peter S. Wells, whose influence continues to shape the study of prehistoric and early historic Europe, this book is for students and researchers of late prehistoric and early historic Europe during the final millennium BC and the 1st millennium AD.

With contributions from experienced scholars in sociology and anthropology, Ethnography's Ghosts illuminates and interrogates the 'ghosts' of past ethnographic fieldwork - whether revisited in practice or in the imagination.

This book captures the remnants of past ideas, people, and legacies that shape current practices, highlighting how fieldnotes transform into precious archives that both anchor and haunt researchers. By revisiting these notes, scholars experience a blend of nostalgia and revelation, freeing themselves from the pressures of immediate research demands and gaining new insights. The volume also addresses the ethical complexities of dealing with both personal and others' ghosts, offering a nuanced look at how past experiences continue to influence present scholarship.

This book makes an important intervention in discussions amongst sociologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists engaged in or reflecting on ethnographic research.

Anthropology Reconsidered argues that anthropology can and should be considered a genuine science of humanity. The work traces the evolution of anthropological thought from its 18th-century origins through contemporary debates, analyzing how competing epistemological traditions-empirical/skeptical versus dogmatic-have shaped theoretical approaches to social organization and kinship studies.

The book provides a comprehensive historical framework that includes the development of empirical theories of social organization, an extensive ethnology of ethnology itself, philosophy of science perspectives, crucial political history including the New Deal and Vietnam War, and a detailed introduction to epistemology as the essential link between empirical ethnology and psychology. It demonstrates that ethnology now possesses a complete empirical theory of social organization based on experimental methods for analyzing the idea-systems that construct social organizations, effectively placing anthropology "on a new plane" with findings on the same empirical footing as the physical sciences.

The primary audience includes student and professional anthropologists, particularly ethnologists, along with historians of ethnology, social psychologists, sociologists, philosophers of science, and intellectual historians, written to be accessible while maintaining scholarly rigor and international relevance.

Inside the farming traditions that have supported food sovereignty and community resistance in past and present Tlaxcala

In this book, Keitlyn Alcantara draws on research from the state of Tlaxcala in Mexico to describe how its people resisted imperial domination and survived centuries of upheaval. Threatened by embargoes from the Aztec Empire and later colonial pressures, the Tlaxcalteca relied on the milpa-a maize-based agricultural system-and on the many wild plants within it that supported change and survival. Alcantara reveals the milpa as a living foodweb and philosophy of interconnection that sustained communities through terrace farming, household gardens, use of wild and domesticated fruit and nut trees, and the stewardship of rivers and wetlands.

An Archaeology of Milpa Cultures bridges past and present to show how ancient strategies of interdependence continue to nourish contemporary campesino food sovereignty movements in Tlaxcala, even amid industrial pollution and monocropped landscapes. Incorporating bioarchaeological dietary isotope studies, Indigenous worldviews, and ethnographic research, this book illuminates how food sovereignty became a cornerstone of community resistance. Alcantara demonstrates that the lessons of the milpa inspire new visions for climate resilience, inviting readers to imagine a future rooted in collaboration, diversity, and care for the land.

Uncovering evidence that ancestor veneration was deeply rooted in Wari society, shaping Wari expansion, rituals, and statecraft

This volume examines the central role of ancestors in Andean society during the Wari Empire of the Middle Horizon period (600-1000 CE), centuries before the rise of the Incas. As one of the earliest expansionist states in the Americas, the Wari laid the foundations of statecraft later adopted by the Inca. Their imperial growth was shaped by environmental changes linked to the El Nino cycle, which brought drought to the Ayacucho heartland and drove the search for new farmland. Empire of the Ancestors shows that expansion also required honoring ancestors, who oversaw the life-sustaining flow of water from underground channels and glacial lakes.

Presenting archaeological evidence from throughout the Wari territory, including Huari, the capital, this volume reveals changes in how ancestors were treated and revered over time. Contributors explore many expressions of ancestor veneration at Wari sites: tombs designed with space for offerings, mummy bundles and body modifications, burial architecture integrated into ritual landscapes, and depictions of ancestors in ceramics and other media. Together, the evidence shows that ancestor veneration was not an Inca development but a long-standing Andean tradition inherited from the Wari.

This book integrates field archaeology with multidisciplinary research on the Erlitou site. Beyond its significant archaeological discoveries, Erlitou represents the site subjected to the most extensive analysis by the various scientific and technological sub-disciplines within Chinese archaeology community to date. The papers collected here reflect the latest outcomes of collaborative research in various disciplines, including chronology, natural environment reconstruction, human osteology, subsistence strategies and craft production.

This book introduces readers to ancient Chinese communications with other ethnic communities that lived west of Dunhuang along the ancient Silk Road. These ethnic groups included the Yuezhi and the Xiongnu (Huns), the Sogdians, the Tubo (Tibetans), the Huihu (Uigurs), and the Khotanese. Offering detailed descriptions of Chinese interactions with these peoples, it offers readers a clearer picture of China's ancient and medieval history, particularly the spread of Buddhism and other religious faiths, military operations like the Tibetan occupation and those under the Guiyijun (Return-to-Allegiance) regime, socioeconomic activities, and artistic efforts to create the Buddhist Grottoes.

Reinterpreting the Great Lakes fur trade as a dynamic interplay of ambition, alliances, and evolving identities

The North American fur trade was more than a system of economic exchange. In this book, Amelie Allard examines the Great Lakes region as a dynamic landscape where European traders and Indigenous peoples negotiated clashing perspectives with the common purpose of trade and establishing relationships. Allard portrays the interactions between these groups as community politics and community building, highlighting both cooperation and contentious power imbalances during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

Drawing on archaeological evidence including trading posts and wrecked canoes and historical documents such as traders' journals and memoirs, Allard unravels the social complexities of this world. She demonstrates how processes of place-making-through foodways, the built environment, and place-naming-as well as both waterborne and overland mobility shaped the identities and relationships of Euro-Canadian, metis, and Indigenous peoples. Community Politics of the Fur Trade challenges traditional narratives of colonialism by suggesting that for many Indigenous peoples such as the Anishinaabeg and Dakota, the fur trade era represented a moment of possibility rather than an inevitable path to subjugation.

This Open Access book examines how people often treat social group membership as inherent, immutable, informative and even intergenerationally inherited. Such essentialism remains one of the more puzzling folk intuitions, at odds with social science maintaining that people become culturally competent group members through enculturation, and that norms can change how group boundaries are defined quite substantially. Essentialism also features prominently in much rhetoric that justifies intergroup hostility and in researchers' attempts to explain it. Nonetheless, social scientists have not reached a consensus about essentialism's causal role in intergroup relations.

In this Open Access book, contributors from a range of perspectives tackle fundamental questions in this field:

• Do humans share a tendency to essentialise groups?
• If so, where does this tendency come from?
• How is essentialism expressed in cognition, behavior, and institutions?
• What are its consequences for cooperation and social conflict?

Psychologists, cultural anthropologists, and evolutionary biologists weigh in on these questions in this volume, often using specific cultural contexts as case studies to elucidate both the particularities and common patterns in the ways essentialism does, or does not, work in the real world.

Bringing together emerging and established scholars, this Handbook illustrates anthropologically-oriented practices and methods for researching the complexity, heterogeneity and diversity of contexts for learning and education. It explores the ongoing modification of traditional practices in response to emerging theoretical and ethical concerns such as critical race theory and feminist theory, as well as the impact of new AI technologies. The Handbook encompasses key topics of educational justice, inequality and policy, examining challenges to conventional practices and methods and offering new directions and innovative forms of representation.

The Research Handbook on the Anthropology of Education is an essential resource for educational scholars, particularly those with an interest in educational anthropology and comparative education more broadly. It will also be useful for students and academics in the sociology of education, qualitative research methods and interdisciplinary research.

This open access book delves into the management of data imperfection, a crucial yet often overlooked aspect of archaeological research. By bringing together diverse voices and expertise, the book offers a pioneering examination of how researchers across Europe deal with the challenges posed by incomplete, fragmented or ambiguous data in archaeology. One of the most problematic issues when working with humanistic data, and specifically with archaeological data, is their imperfection. The data is ambiguous, partial, imprecise, uncertain. This imperfection, which can be intrinsic to the data themselves or be generated later with its processing, makes it difficult to produce reliable results. In recent years, some researchers have become increasingly interested in the need to address in their research, especially those using databases, the problem of data imperfection and all the implications that this entails.

This volume bring together researchers who are or have worked on the imperfection of archaeological data in its broadest sense, from theoretical reflections to proposals for managing the imperfection or part of it (uncertainty, inaccuracy, incompleteness, etc.) in any chronological period and application, both during the collection of data in the field or its processing in the laboratory. The book comprises 12 chapters, in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. It brings together contributions from European researchers from various academic levels, providing a rich tapestry of insights into the topic. The chapters span a broad historical range, featuring case studies that cover periods from the Palaeolithic to the Middle Ages.

Folklore Fieldwork the first book to present systematic research based on the author's more than 20 years of fieldwork in urban and rural areas throughout China. It addresses the theory and methodology of Chinese folkloristics, highlighting the unique characteristics of Chinese culture and society in the process, and explores the core process of modern Chinese folkloristics, making the field accessible to an international audience.

Uncovering America's past through the archaeology of its shipwrecks

The Archaeology of American Shipwrecks highlights the essential role of watercraft in United States history and demonstrates how the study of submerged sites contributes to a deeper understanding of the nation's past. Combining evidence from shipwreck excavations with historical documentation, this volume reveals how maritime archaeologists locate, document, and preserve these important sites.

This book examines a variety of vessels through time, including Indigenous-built dugout canoes, colonial ships that brought Europeans to the Americas, ships created for the whaling industry, and modern ships built for coastal defense. By tracing the role of watercraft in exploration, commerce, warfare, and expansion, it underscores the pivotal influence of maritime transport well into the twentieth century. Providing an overview of major discoveries along with little-known and previously unpublished research and discussing technological advances, new and evolving methodologies, and ethical issues relevant to the field, this book is an indispensable resource for anyone interested in the dynamic story of America's waterways.

A novel cross-cultural exploration of how maritime peoples have engaged with the sea through cosmology, spirituality, and ritual

Sentient Seas offers a global perspective on maritime cultures, examining how societies across time and space have understood and interacted with the sea. Synthesizing archaeological evidence, historical documents, and ethnographic accounts, Ian McNiven explores maritime traditions from ancient civilizations in the Middle East and Mediterranean to medieval Europe and Scandinavia to contemporary Indigenous communities in the South Pacific.

McNiven investigates diverse cultural practices including shipbuilding, the treatment of shipwrecks and shipwreck victims, and maritime resource use, interpreting the evidence through the perspectives of mariners who understood the seas to be sentient and capable of acting with intentionality. He introduces the concepts of "terrestrial seascapes" and "ontological switching" to illustrate how land-based shrines and votive offerings extend maritime cosmologies and maintain a liminal transition from land to sea. By bridging anthropological and archaeological research with transdisciplinary blue humanities scholarship, Sentient Seas approaches seas as spiritscapes, recontextualizing folkloric beliefs about maritime superstitions.

A groundbreaking overview of how disability studies can enrich interpretations of the past and make the profession of archaeology more inclusive and accessible

An Introduction to Crip Archaeology is a groundbreaking exploration of how disability studies and critical disability studies can transform the way archaeologists interpret the past. Through case studies and intersectional analysis, Laurie Wilkie and Katherine Kinkopf reveal how people with disabilities have been treated and viewed in American history and how these processes have shaped the material worlds archaeologists study.

This book is an essential starting point for students and scholars seeking to move beyond stereotypes that define disability as a limitation or deficit. The authors demonstrate how these interpretive lenses can offer fresh insights on topics including how eugenic policies and racial science have influenced public health, medical training, and family planning. From the Dozier School for Boys to Japanese internment camps, the book examines how built environments have excluded certain bodies-while also uncovering communities of care and resistance.

In addition to its value for research taking place today, An Introduction to Crip Archaeology is a call to action for a more inclusive and accessible discipline. It equips readers with strategies for recognizing disabling structures in access to sites, collections, and universities, and for creating space for disabled archaeologists in the field. This book enriches understandings of the past while shaping the future of archaeology.

Through an ethnographic lens, the Handbook analyzes human-machine entanglements as they have emerged in AI companions, healthcare, automated policing, warfare, conversational chatbots and fact-checking. Chapters assume theoretical perspectives to scrutinize AI power and how AI evolves on the ground in ethnographic locations and case studies from across the globe. Assessing the current state of AI, the collection examines its implications for the future, in areas ranging from climate change to politics.

The Handbook on Anthropology and Artificial Intelligence is a valuable resource for students and scholars of anthropology, science and technology, innovation, media and communication and sociology. It will also be prime reading for journalists, policymakers and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the impact of AI on the world.

Lucjan Turkowski's first-hand account of peasant life in 1940s British Mandate Palestine explores farming, food, language and craft production. He examines cultivated crops, the role of animals and the division of labour, highlighting its material culture in a vivid portrait of rural life.

While preserving Turkowski's original ethnographic and agricultural research, this book offers a rare historical, botanical and anthropological resource. Rich with first-hand observations, Turkowski's work provides scholars and general readers with valuable insights into Palestinian peasant life near Jerusalem in the 1940s. His meticulous fieldwork records farming, food, language, agricultural tools and household utensils, exploring the long-term effects of Ottoman land reforms and the introduction of new crops. Original drawings and period photographs collected in Jerusalem illustrate this volume. This book opens with two introductory chapters by editor Carol Palmer, who situates Turkowski within his historical and intellectual context and highlights his ambition to document peasant material culture and its integration into Palestinian life. The main text comprises eight translated chapters of Turkowski's writing, followed by bibliographical annexes. This volume deepens understanding of rural life amid shifting political and economic forces, contributing to studies of resilience, agriculture and cultural continuity.

This book is a fundamental resource for scholars in Levantine and Palestine studies, linguistics, anthropology, ethnography, archaeology and agricultural history. It also contributes to an understanding of the region's historiography and the changing academic approaches to Palestine. For those connected to the communities described, it offers a tangible link to the past and shows how carefully gathered knowledge can preserve cultural memory and bring lived experience into view.

Native American Religions: Teaching and Learning on Stolen Land is an introduction to the religious lives of Native American people in North America. Weaving together historical, ethnographic, theoretical, and legal materials, the book focuses on how religion is politicized in North America in the Native American context. Noting that no Native language actually has a word translatable to "religion," as the sacred and the secular are not separate spheres in Native traditions, and that religion is a colonial construct, the book adopts theories and methods from Native American and Indigenous Studies to understand Native American and Indigenous religious traditions.

Written with the student in mind, this cutting-edge volume brings together 17 Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars at various career stages to offer a theoretical framework through which to think about the role of religion in U.S.-Native relations alongside real-world case studies. This book introduces students to the histories of Native American peoples, including discussion of Indigenous intellectual traditions, Indigenous sovereignty movements, and practices such as cultural appropriation and land acknowledgement, to make the case that Native American religions are a political phenomenon. With student-friendly pedagogy throughout, including discussion questions and "further resources" lists, it is a must-read for all students and teachers of Native American Religions, Religion in America, or Indigenous Studies.

This handbook provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of pastoralism, combining major theoretical debates with an interdisciplinary and comparative perspective on pastoral systems across the world.

Approaching pastoralism as a social-ecological system, this volume synthesizes current knowledge about how pastoralists make a living and organize social life while managing herds in diverse and often highly variable environments. Understanding pastoralism in this holistic way requires an approach that bridges disciplines: not only anthropology but also rangeland ecology, animal science, agricultural economics, veterinary epidemiology, and related fields. This handbook's chapters are organized into eight parts that examine the emergence of pastoralism; its biophysical foundations; the economics of pastoral production; adaptive strategies; social and political organization; new methodological and analytical approaches; development and policy perspectives; and possible futures for pastoral systems. Together, these contributions advance the field by offering both a state-of-the-art guide and a source of inspiration for future research. This volume is designed to serve as a reference for scholars seeking to launch innovative, impactful studies, as well as for policymakers and practitioners working to design effective interventions that support pastoral livelihoods.

This handbook is an indispensable resource on pastoralism for students, researchers, and professionals.

Chapters 1, 3, 7, 13, 17, 28 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.