文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

A man of many talents-naturalist, geographer, anthropologist, and political commentator-Alfred Russel Wallace made seminal contributions to science in the nineteenth century. With Wallace in the Field, Victor Rafael Limeira-DaSilva unpacks the early life of one of the most beloved and famous Victorian scientific figures. Focusing on Wallace's significant contribution to the emergence of anthropology, Limeira-DaSilva traces the peripatetic trajectory of Wallace's field work, from his humble beginnings in the suburbs of London to his travels through the Brazilian Amazon and Asia. Challenging traditional portrayals that cast Wallace as Darwin's sidekick or a casual ethnographer, the book demonstrates how he built a deliberate and ambitious career as a field observer of human diversity. It offers a fresh perspective on the intersections between ethnographic encounters, racial science, and knowledge production, revealing how Wallace's pursuit of recognition helped redefine the standards of scientific authority in British anthropology.

How Our Restless Ancestors Shaped the Interconnected World We Live in Today

First Migrants Revisited: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective reveals how human and hominin migrations over the past five million years shaped the world we inhabit today. Peter Bellwood synthesises insights from archaeology, palaeoanthropology, genetics, and linguistics to trace humanity's earliest movements - from the first African expansions to the global spread of agriculture. The book reveals how migration redistributed the results of biological and cultural evolution, transforming societies and environments in every corner of the globe.

Bringing together decades of scholarship, Bellwood challenges simplistic narratives of ancient migration as random events without cause or consequence, instead positioning it as a powerful mechanism the behind the formation and spread of new patterns in human biology and culture. Through rich interdisciplinary analysis, he shows how the permanent movements of populations created enduring patterns of genetic, linguistic, and cultural diversity that continue to define us. Covering the migrations of early hominins, Homo sapiens dispersals across continents, and the global diffusion of agriculture, the book provides a richly interdisciplinary account of humanity's shared past, drawing clear connections between environmental change, demographic expansion, and the human impulse to explore.

Deepening our understanding of migration as one of the most enduring forces in human history, First Migrants Revisited:

• Reinterprets migration as a dynamic process of redistribution of human biology, culture, and language
• Highlights the enduring consequences of prehistoric migration for contemporary human societies
• Provides new insights into the large-scale population movements that shaped the genetic, cultural, and linguistic diversity that still characterizes humanity today
• Features accessible summaries of the latest findings on early Homo sapiens dispersals and the global spread of agriculture
• Includes comparative discussions of different hominin species and their adaptive strategies

First Migrants Revisited: Ancient Migration in Global Perspective is ideally suited for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate courses in archaeology, anthropology, human evolution, and historical linguistics, as well as for modules in global history, evolutionary biology, and population genetics within BA, BSc, and MA degree programmes.

This book is a clearly and accessibly written short guide to the contemporary state of urban anthropology. It outlines what urban anthropologists study, how they do so, and what they have learned about urbanization and urbanism in the past and present in a way that makes sense to readers new to the field. Topics covered include:

• Urban community and identity
• Urban politics and economics
• The relationship between culture and the built environment
• Urban nature, climate change, and green urbanism
• The development of urban anthropology

Accompanying the main text are shaded boxes describing key works and key concepts related to the central points of each chapter. Each chapter ends with a bibliography. This text is essential reading for students interested in cities, urban life, the built environment, and social and political dynamics.

Water Powers is an interdisciplinary collection that presents timely, original research on sacred aquatic animals-from dragons and nagas to crocodiles, eels, dugongs, and whales-and environmental change. Contributors examine the past and present significance of these creatures in Nepal, India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Japan, Okinawa, Indonesia, and Aotearoa-New Zealand to explore the diverse relationships between animals, deities, humans, and bodies of water. In so doing, they challenge narratives about disenchantment as a core aspect of modernization, seeking to give the sacred creatures and the rituals associated with them a more central place in debates about environmental degradation and conservation initiatives. Their work converges around three core themes: (1) divine embodiment and materiality (how sacred beings manifest themselves and act in the world); (2) making and crossing boundaries (how aquatic animals are constrained by but also challenge physical, ontological, and conceptual boundaries); and (3) crises and relationality (how more-than-human relationships change in response to environmental and other crises).

Water Powers will appeal to scholars and students across multiple fields, including anthropology, religious studies, environmental humanities, geography, development studies, history, and archaeology. The book will also interest development experts, conservationists, museum curators, and readers engaged with culture, religion, and environmental change in the Asia-Pacific region.

Women, Fertility, and North American Archaeology brings together more than three decades of Cheryl Claassen's groundbreaking work on gender and archaeology. Featuring articles originally published between 1989 and 2023, the volume makes available the full scope of Claassen's work related to Archaic and Woodland-era women in the Southeastern United States, women working as archaeologists, and the development of a gendered archaeological inquiry.

Organized in two parts, the collection begins with essays on the emergence of gender as an archaeological category and on the role of women in a field once dominated by masculine perspectives. The second half of the volume turns to archaeological explorations of women in prehistory, including women's labor, fertility, and ritual practices, and how these facets of life were linked to and influenced by the landscapes and resources of the time.

With introductions to each section that discuss the genesis of ideas and provide additional context for each paper, Claassen situates her work within the broader history of the discipline. Illustrated with thirty images and maps and including previously difficult-to-find articles, this volume is an essential resource for archaeologists, students of anthropology, and scholars of gender and women's studies.

This book analyses archaeological excavations and the use of antiquities in the eastern Mediterranean from a unique and original perspective, that of power relations built on the vestiges of the past. Starting with Egypt, Crete, Palestine, Greece and Ottoman Empire, the authors of the essays reconstruct the history of some European excavations in Ottoman and post-Ottoman times, bringing to light the marginalised actors and the different narratives shaped on antiquities. Men, women and children recruited locally to dig, guides and interpreters in the service of archaeologists are some of the protagonists of these stories, which allow us to go beyond European stereotypes and shed light on how local communities perceived and experienced the excavations. The narratives and interpretations applied to unearthed or restored antiquities also help us understand how traces of the past were used to legitimise imperialism and reinforce identities based on ideas of cultural superiority and inferiority.

This interdisciplinary volume spans archaeology, colonial studies, Ottoman history, Mediterranean studies, and cultural anthropology, making it essential reading for students and researchers in Middle Eastern studies, museum studies, and heritage management and scholars examining the intersection of power, identity, and heritage.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of European Review of History.

This volume reveals the hidden archaeological history of Colombia's first inhabitants from the Ice Age through the Middle Holocene. It documents their extraordinary achievements as they settled and adapted to diverse and challenging environments, highlighting key developments including landscape management, plant domestication, mortuary traditions and social ritual, ceramic production, long-distance mobility and navigation, and the creation of rock art traditions-many of which continue to shape Indigenous communities today.

Drawing on decades of archaeological research that until now has been scattered across more inaccessible publications, the book provides the first comprehensive synthesis of Colombia's earliest human history. It brings together archaeological, paleoenvironmental, and bioarchaeological evidence to reconstruct how these societies responded to climatic change, ecological diversity, and demographic expansion during a key period of continental peopling and cultural transformation. It is organized around three interconnected analytical perspectives: spatio-temporal reconstruction of migration, settlement, and chronological frameworks; an examination of human adaptability through subsistence practices, technological innovation, and the active transformation of landscapes; and an exploration of early Colombian societies' symbolic and ideological worlds through material culture, mortuary practices, rock art, and ethnographic analogy. Archaeological data are presented alongside critical interpretation, enabling readers to understand both the evidence and the broader implications of current research, positioning Colombia as a pivotal region for understanding early human expansion, cultural diversification, and the emergence of complex social traditions in the Americas.

Written in an accessible yet scholarly style, The Archaeology of Ancient Colombia is intended for students and researchers in archaeology, anthropology, history, and related disciplines. It is particularly well suited for courses on early human migration, hunter- gatherer adaptations, tropical and highland archaeology, environmental change, and the long- term development of social complexity in the Americas.

This book provides a shortform definitive reference text on death and funeral practices in Norway as of the 2020s.

This volume begins with a short introduction and historical overview, followed by a description of the demographics and legal framework, before featuring a range of chapters on governance and the funeral industry. Both religious and non-religious funeral practices are examined, and the three major funeral practices in Norway - funerals conducted by the Church of Norway, humanist funerals organised by The Norwegian Humanist Association, and open-faith funerals - are described. The chapters cover a broad range of topics including typical funerals and cost breakdowns; the cemetery; various grave types including coffins, urns, named memorial gardens, and columbaria; and the practice of re-using graves. In addition, a chapter devoted to cremation, the rise in its use, and current cremation technologies also examines the practice of ash scattering which has been legal in Norway since 1997. The masonry industry and public memorials are also discussed in a chapter on commemoration, and the last chapter, on funerary heritage, focuses on war cemeteries and epidemic cemeteries.

This comprehensive volume will be valuable reading for scholars and reflective practitioners interested in death studies and the funeral industry, with particular interest in insights from Norway and their potential for informing wider research and practice.

Excavations at the Austin Friary, Hull, Yorkshire, 1994 and 1999, Part 2, details the excavations of the Austin Friary in Hull, a house founded in 1316/17 and surrendered to the Crown in 1539.

This volume concentrates on the material culture recovered during the excavations. The site yielded a nationally significant group of medieval coffins, all but one of which were made of imported Baltic oak - the largest assemblage of such timber from the whole of Britain. There were also significant collections of well preserved textiles, leather, wood and dress-accessories. In addition, some of the burials were accompanied by carefully placed wooden rods, an under-reported burial tradition which can be found on either side of the North Sea. Many of the monastic buildings were reused after the Dissolution in 1539; partly in consequence, a large assemblage of masonry and ceramic building materials was recovered from this site. There were also significant collections of floor tiles (both plain and decorated), and window-glass, whilst other finds include rare finds of musical instrument components. Cumulatively, this volume sheds significant light upon a whole range of aspects of life and death within this northern religious house for a period of over two centuries, as well as offering yet more valuable evidence about Hull's extensive medieval trading-links, as one of England's leading ports.

This book is for researchers and archaeologists interested in the archaeology of medieval Britain as well as the role of Christianity in the Middle Ages.

In this revised and updated translation of Das Radikaldemokratische Museum, Sternfeld offers a timely critique of museums as they exist today and instead calls for museums to be reconceptualised as contested spaces for debate and new forms of political activism.

Drawing upon approaches from museum studies, education and critical theory, this volume challenges past and present exhibitions and reconsiders how museum spaces can be re-appropriated in order to produce critical knowledge, rethink education and challenge collections. In doing so, Sternfeld envisages the radical democratic museum as a space that allows us to grapple with the past, negotiate what this means for the present and imagine a future that is more than simply an extension of the present.

This provocative and timely book will be relevant to scholars, students and practitioners with interests in museums, critical heritage studies, social justice and political movements.

The story of extraordinarily ordinary life on Lampedusa, an island in the Mediterranean and the southernmost frontier of undocumented migration to Europe

Hope amid Despair tells the story of life on Lampedusa, a small island in the central Mediterranean and the southernmost frontier of irregular and undocumented migration to Europe, or what is often referred to as Europe's "refugee crisis." Anthropologist Alessandro Corso examines the extraordinarily ordinary choices faced by migrants, migration workers, and locals on the island-and the decisions they make that foster distance, indifference, and abandonment or allow for mutuality, community, and life-building.

Through extensive ethnographic fieldwork as well as oral histories and archival research, Corso follows the island's inhabitants through their quotidian encounters, detailing their impressions, misunderstandings, and reconsiderations of one another. Revealing perspectives and experiences that often run against the grain of prevailing narratives, Corso argues for an understanding of this border zone not as a site of order and control, but as one of existential struggle and moral possibility, characterized by fear and despair but also reconciliation, hope, and love. Challenging mainstream ways of thinking about how borders separate and categorize us as individuals, Hope amid Despair reveals the geographical, historical, social, legal, and ethical boundaries of what it means to be human.

Illuminating the impact of archaeology on the culture and politics of Latin America

Since the mid-nineteenth century, archaeology has played a critical role in historicizing space and shaping cultural imaginaries. It has brought modern scientific practices into structured contact with ancient objects and landscapes, on the one hand, and modern Indigenous cultures in their material and historical complexity, on the other. Archaeology has thus served a variety of disciplines and practices, from history and anthropology to literary and social criticism and critical theory, and has actively animated practices quite distinct from itself, such as public policy, tourism, urban planning, art, literature, and nation-building.

This volume provides a unique analysis of a disciplinary formation crucial to the study of cultural history and theory in Latin America. The contributors represent archaeologists and scholars from a variety of disciplines within the humanities, each of whom approaches archaeology as theory and praxis. Collectively, they map the differences and similarities between archaeological interventions and the ways in which the materiality, practice, and discourse of archaeology have been taken up as analytic, metaphor, and discursive strategy.

This book presents a comprehensive account of how archaeology in Africa evolved, was challenged, and reimagined. Moving from nineteenth-century antiquarianism through independence to today, the book dismantles "dark continent" myths, foregrounds African ways of knowing, and argues for a praxis of archaeologies: multivocal, community-engaged, and methodologically rigorous. Case-led chapters demonstrate how trade, mobility, religion, and the environment have produced diverse African pasts, while contemporary sections address restitution, heritage policy, tourism, and climate risk.

The book begins by clarifying what "Africa" signifies in scholarly and public discourse, then dismantles the enduring "dark continent" trope by setting colonial narratives against African intellectual traditions and evidence. Subsequent chapters track the emergence of archaeology, beginning with collections, amateurs, and missionaries, and progressing to professional excavations, surveys, and archaeological science, as well as the discipline's theoretical shifts, from culture history and processualism to post-processual and postcolonial critique, all examined through African case studies. The closing chapters set out why the past matters now: for identity, education, livelihoods, and environmental stewardship.

Clear prose, focused case studies (spanning deep prehistory to the second-millennium trade horizons), and a continent-wide lens make this volume essential for students and researchers, while its emphasis on ethics and engagement resonates with heritage professionals and the broader public. The result is a clear, compelling account of what African archaeology is, how it differs from older traditions, and why it matters-for scholarship, for heritage stewardship, and for public life.

This book delves into the political aspects of an archaeology of the contemporary past and provides evidence and an understanding of structural violence, inequalities, and possible ways to contest them in current settings. Using case studies, this volume presents a revision of how different theoretical approaches and archaeological methods (combined or mixed with other disciplinary or undisciplined methods), become tools to inquire on the political in its many facets. The contributions to this volume present different scenarios through which the political is or can be reconstituted, re-defined and scrutinized. Whether it is called dissident archaeology or archaeology of repression and resistance or tackling a wide array of subject such as climate change or consumerism, modern conflict, homelessness, migration, and displacement or others, the volume discusses lines of scrutiny that bring together efforts from distant and yet proximate places in the global south and north. Thus, this book provides material connections that illuminate the political spectrum that frames social conditions of power and resistance, the abuse of the former and the efficiency of the latter. This volume is of interest to archaeologists, heritage specialists, and historians studying the contemporary past.

Bridging the gap between introductory and advanced archaeology courses, this book builds confidence in working with the tools of archaeological research and how to make plausible inferences about the past.

How do archaeologists learn what happened thousands of years ago when all they have to work with are clusters of broken artifacts or patterns of post holes? Are their explanations any better than theories about ancient civilizations that we see in social media or popular streaming services? This book answers those questions and more.

This book explores the ways archaeologists draw conclusions from evidence, recognizing that those interpretations will change as new evidence comes into play. Readers will learn more about the methods and research strategies that archaeologists use to understand ancient economies, social and political systems, or help date or classify sites, artifacts, or whole societies.

The first chapter discusses the nature of inference and explanation in archaeology, or "how archaeologists figure things out." Subsequent chapters cover how archaeologists use lithic technology, experiments, and classification, how styles of pottery decoration help us identify social groups, and the intricacies of dating events. The book then turns to social archaeology, from the household scale, through settlements, to landscapes and regions, and mobility and sedentism over such regions. The next two chapters consider research on trade, wealth, status, and mortuary practices. Chapter 11 focuses on food and cuisine, and the last one on the archaeology of labor.

There are also 12 exercises, with fictitious case studies from around the world and different research traditions. These build students' confidence in how to interpret data, without any expectation of statistical background. Using realistic, messy data, these exercises allow readers to think critically about how to draw reasonable conclusions, and how to add archaeological reasoning to their toolkit.

Contributors to this volume contend that in the realm of research on human society, online and digital communication can no longer be relegated to a separate cyber space and should instead be considered in equal part by integrating cyber-ethnographic methods.

Coming at a critical time where students, professionals, and the general population realize the increasing interdependence of cultural interactions both offline and online, Foundations of Cyber-Ethnography provides a framework for studying and presenting findings from both forms of communication.

Using this framework, contributors investigate the effects of the inextricable link between the cyber and networked societies on individual, local, national, and global contexts. Each chapter provides compelling examples to demonstrate the importance of forming a fuller understanding of digital communication and the role of online identity in a wide range of professional, personal, relational, economic, diplomatic, and political contexts.

This volume explores the impact of Rome's globalizing empire upon identity and visual culture in its western and eastern provinces. It focuses particularly on the realities of glocal identities, the interconnectivity between people, ideas and technology, and the diverse and uniting nature of the empire.

The issue of how identities are shaped and remoulded by Roman conquest, and by the aftermath of empire, are central to contemporary debates across the disciplines of classical archaeology and ancient history. The theoretical framework of glocalization offers a starting point for nuanced discussion through its exploration of the adaptation of a global phenomenon to local realities. Informed by this innovative paradigm and drawing on a wide array of sources, the chapters in this volume range across iconography, religion, settlements, imperial power and identities. Together they investigate the ways in which local actors engaged with imperial structures, and how this phenomenon varied across the different provinces.

This book presents visual ethnography as a transformative approach to understanding, documenting, and representing the layered realities of marginalized communities and often-overlooked institutional contexts. It demonstrates how visual storytelling tools ranging from photography and video to infographics and spatial mapping can uncover the subtle social, cultural, and economic dynamics that traditional textual research tends to miss. Drawing on diverse case studies, the volume shows how visual narratives not only illuminate lived experiences but also foster collaboration and challenge dominant representations.

By highlighting its multidisciplinary reach, the book situates visual ethnography within the intersecting domains of urban studies, development research, and policy engagement. It also delves into the ethical and methodological dimensions of visual storytelling, underscoring its potential to bridge academic inquiry with public understanding and policymaking. Ultimately, this work advocates for visual ethnography as a vital instrument of inclusive research and transformative communication, one that amplifies marginalized voices, strengthens social connections, and inspires meaningful change in contemporary urban and social landscapes.

Readers will be drawn to its inventive methods, compelling findings, and thought-provoking themes, which together weave strong links between scholarship, advocacy, and on-ground practice.

This book highlights critical developments in maritime research focusing on transformations brought about by the establishment of the 'Blue Economy' as well as the increasing recognition of the value of heritage for contemporary communities. It brings together a collection of chapters that seek to identify, and shape, how the field of maritime archaeology will mature in the coming decades as approaches, technologies, as well as expectations and uses, change and adapt.

The book specifically sets out to tackle an interrelated suite of major new topics focused on maritime resources, UNESCO and the impacts of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, with an express focus on how maritime heritage can benefit local communities. Intended for an international audience, the book is written in an accessible style, with contributions that provide an in-depth discussion of the trends outlined above for students and researchers working in maritime archaeology and heritage.

Chapter 2 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.