文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

Contributors to this volume contend that in the realm of research on human society, online and digital communication can no longer be relegated to a separate cyber space and should instead be considered in equal part by integrating cyber-ethnographic methods.

Coming at a critical time where students, professionals, and the general population realize the increasing interdependence of cultural interactions both offline and online, Foundations of Cyber-Ethnography provides a framework for studying and presenting findings from both forms of communication.

Using this framework, contributors investigate the effects of the inextricable link between the cyber and networked societies on individual, local, national, and global contexts. Each chapter provides compelling examples to demonstrate the importance of forming a fuller understanding of digital communication and the role of online identity in a wide range of professional, personal, relational, economic, diplomatic, and political contexts.

This volume explores the impact of Rome's globalizing empire upon identity and visual culture in its western and eastern provinces. It focuses particularly on the realities of glocal identities, the interconnectivity between people, ideas and technology, and the diverse and uniting nature of the empire.

The issue of how identities are shaped and remoulded by Roman conquest, and by the aftermath of empire, are central to contemporary debates across the disciplines of classical archaeology and ancient history. The theoretical framework of glocalization offers a starting point for nuanced discussion through its exploration of the adaptation of a global phenomenon to local realities. Informed by this innovative paradigm and drawing on a wide array of sources, the chapters in this volume range across iconography, religion, settlements, imperial power and identities. Together they investigate the ways in which local actors engaged with imperial structures, and how this phenomenon varied across the different provinces.

The application of design practice and theory has received little attention in the field of archaeology, despite the close and interdisciplinary connection of both disciplines working with material culture. Christina Unwin provides an up-to-date study that addresses this lacuna, by using a series of case studies from the Iron Age and early Roman period (c. 600 BC - c. AD 200) in different European regions. Giving the reader a concise overview of the relevant terminology and approaches in design theory, Unwin then applies these treatments in different archaeological contexts to reveal new aspects of how we can understand material culture.

Design theory reveals that a material object may be understood beyond its material, form, function and period of time in which it was made, and invites archaeologists to re-evaluate their approaches to material things from a completely new perspective. Designed and made objects are immaterial in their planning, associations and effects - as well as material in their physical presence. The conceptual and terminological boundaries set by archaeological studies may therefore be challenged through the idea of design. This, in turn, enables the archaeologist to reconnect objects in terms of the people who made them, how they used them and how they interacted with them to build their sociality. This book is a significant intervention in the exploration of design and archaeological intersections across material culture.

This book presents a visionary and comprehensive exploration of how museums are adapting to the evolving demands of contemporary society. It highlights the multiple roles museums play, as cultural institutions, educational spaces, social actors, and agents of innovation, while addressing the multifaceted challenges and opportunities museums face. Providing readers with a thorough understanding of their transformative potential, the book adopts a forward-looking perspective on the role of museums in shaping the future. Underpinning this vision is a reflective and critical stance, exploring and emphasizing how such transformation can happen in meaningful and sustainable ways.

Spanning 2 million years, this book examines how humans partnered with nature, technology, and each other to shape their world, from evolutionary origins and ancient innovations to the rise of artificial intelligence.

This book examines how humans collaborated with other entities, expanding in scale from individuals to other species of Homo, and further to the formation of groups, interactions with organisms, connections with past generations, and the transformative role of technology. Through dozens of vivid examples -from the lives of Neanderthals to the origins of agriculture, the impact of ancient diseases, the practices of shamans, Bronze Age innovations, global trade routes, and the products of the world's first cities - this narrative illuminates the intricate web of partnerships that defined human history. The final chapter delves into artificial intelligence, illustrating how its evolution mirrors the co-evolution of humans with technologies.

AI's rapid development of learning and collaborative abilities echoes humanity's own adaptive journey, albeit at an accelerated pace. Richly illustrated with over 50 full-color figures, this book offers a visually engaging and intellectually stimulating journey through the partnerships that have shaped our world, from the dawn of prehistory to the cutting edge of AI.

This book explores the challenges and opportunities that arise when high-tech innovation crosses cultural boundaries-and how it can be thoughtfully adapted before reaching the end user. Drawing on a real-world case of a European Virtual Reality (VR) training system prepared for deployment in Malaysia's aerospace sector, this book investigates the cultural and cognitive translations necessary to ensure any design tool's success in a new context. Rather than documenting failure, it offers a blueprint for preventing it-by listening, adapting, and designing with local realities in mind. Drawing from ethnographic research, interviews, and human-centered design principles, this book explores the concept of anthropotechnology, aligning technology with local learning habits, social dynamics, and cultural expectations. It introduces the concept of the Anthropotechnological Islet, a bridging structure that enables imported systems to fit meaningfully into different environments before they are operationalized. The Islet is not a compromise between systems but a generative space for innovation that fosters cross-cultural adaptation and learning. This book is both a research monograph and a design manifesto. It tells the story of how a VR tool was reshaped-not just through technical refinement, but through cultural insight, institutional collaboration, and cognitive empathy. It offers practical guidance for those working in training, design, and technology transfer, especially in transnational or cross-cultural settings. In an increasingly globalized world, this book invites readers to rethink how we design for difference-early, intentionally, and with respect for local ways of knowing and learning.

Language, Culture, and Communication introduces students to the topics and theories of the broad field of linguistic anthropology by examining the multifaceted meanings and uses of language. It emphasizes the ways in which language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions. Through language structure and language use, speakers convey messages about their own identities, their understandings of the world and their place in it. The book includes discussion of cultural and symbolic meanings conveyed by language and the social and political dimensions of language use.

New to the Ninth Edition:
- New Chapter 7, "Digital Communication," discusses technological change, social media, artificial intelligence, and the rapid development of various systems and platforms for communication
- New Chapter 6, "Signed Languages," offers an expanded discussion of ASL vocabulary and grammar as well as language practices in Deaf communities with an emphasis on a global and international perspective
- New discussion of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) stresses the intersection of language and lived experience
- New case studies in every chapter highlight central concepts so that students can focus directly on understanding the many faceted goals of language in use
- Expanded discussion of language and nation building in multilingual communities (including code switching and translanguaging) emphasizes how our speaking styles are "borderless"

This book brings together illuminating interviews with the most influential scholars who have shaped the interdisciplinary field of death studies. From sociological explorations to psychological frameworks, cultural analyses to digital age considerations, these conversations reveal the rich tapestry of approaches that have advanced our understanding of mortality, bereavement, and end-of-life experiences. Readers will discover how seminal works in death studies emerged, the critical role of academic and community networks, and the transformative power of examining death through diverse disciplinary lenses. The collection highlights both theoretical developments and practical applications, showcasing how scholars have navigated personal and professional boundaries while contributing to this sensitive yet vital area of study.

This volume spans sociology, anthropology, psychology, cultural studies, digital humanities, and public engagement, making it an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in death studies, palliative care, counseling, funeral services, and related fields.

The chapters in this volume were originally published in Mortality.

This groundbreaking ethnography offers a deep psychological framework for understanding the Santa Muerte (Saint Death) phenomenon in Mexico. Emerging from a social landscape marked by ultra-violent criminality, government corruption, soaring rates of femicide, forced disappearances, and pervasive impunity, devotion to Santa Muerte signals a profound breakdown of the traditional Hispano-Christian image of God. Her veneration can be understood as a psychological response from a society grappling with 'bad death,' where loss and violence are ever-present in daily life.

Anchored in intimate case studies and a Jungian archetypal interpretation, the book demonstrates how Santa Muerte's inherent moral ambiguity enables devotees to navigate the blurred boundaries between good and evil, safety and peril, and justice and lawlessness. She stands as a potent response to the ongoing socio-political and psychological instability created by Mexico's dominant patriarchal institutions (state, church, and cartels).

The book explores the spirituality of the most vulnerable and marginalised in response to persistent threats and the collapse of conventional safety nets, arguing that devotion to Santa Muerte functions as a critical psychological container for destructive forces, offering a sense of order and control amid the real and existential dangers of a society living through the chaos of an 'apocalypse.' This is essential reading for anyone interested in contemporary Mexican studies, as it highlights the psychological impact of life near death.

Mongolian Healing: Knowledge, Transmission and Practice Across Inner Asia explores the rich and diverse medicinal healing practices by Mongolian communities across Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Kalmykia.

This edited volume brings together scholars from various disciplines to examine knowledge systems and practises related to healing therapies, including nomadic healing, ritual practises including shamanic healing, water as a source for healing in the landscape and the art of Mongolian bonesetting. The second part of the book delves into the institutionalization of Mongolian medicine across Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, tracing its adaptation and its continuing presence in both urban and rural contexts, within contemporary healthcare systems, such as the hospital, laboratory and clinic. Through a Mongolian-oriented lens, this volume sheds light on the resilience and adaptability of Mongolian healing and medical traditions in the face of social, political and cultural transformations across history. Combining historical, anthropological and medical perspectives, it offers the first comprehensive account of how these practices have continued to thrive and adapt, bridging ancient knowledge with contemporary applications.

As a part of broader Asian medical traditions, this volume is an essential resource for scholars, practitioners and anyone interested in the dynamic interplay of ancient wisdom and ongoing innovation across Inner Asia.

This book systematically examines Chinese astroarchaeology from the Neolithic period onward, aiming to reconstruct premodern knowledge systems and articulate the intellectual foundations of traditional Chinese culture.

As an interdisciplinary field, Chinese astroarchaeology explores cosmological frameworks and the origins of civilization in ancient China. The book unveils the remarkable astronomical accomplishments of the ancient Chinese and investigates the interplay between science, technology, and traditional culture. It also discusses how the origins of astronomy relate to the origins of civilization itself. Drawing on archaeological excavations, ancient artifacts, and historical documents, the study integrates research methods and findings from archaeology, paleography, the study of ancient literature, ethnology, and astronomy. Taking a theoretical and practical approach, the book establishes a framework for Chinese astroarchaeology, opening new avenues for studying the origins of Chinese civilization and providing insights into ancient Chinese political, religious, philosophical, and scientific history.

The book will appeal to scholars and students of ancient Chinese history, the history of science, archaeology, astroarchaeology, art history, and cultural heritage studies.

What would anthropology look like if the South were our North? This book turns the map upside down and calls for transforming anthropology from a singular to a plural perspective, which recognizes the Global South as a site of original theory and research rather than merely a source of information.

The book acknowledges the structure of racialized and gendered inequalities within which ethnographic research has historically been, and continues to be, conducted, and recognizes the hierarchies created in the West regarding non-Western anthropologists. The authors in this book offer fresh and accessible reflections on their anthropological journeys in the Global South, North, and the worlds in between. They share their ethnographic insights and personal stories to answer the question of why anthropology still needs the Global South.

Why Anthropology Needs the Global South is an essential read for anthropology students, professionals and teachers, as well as for anyone seeking a compass for navigating the contemporary world.

Since it first mesmerized Western audiences in the early 20th century, Balinese masked dance-drama (Topeng) has drawn sustained scholarly attention. Yet until now, much of that attention has been filtered through non-Balinese perspectives. Telling Other Tales seeks to redress this imbalance by presenting Topeng as a living, plural tradition-one whose meaning is co-created by Balinese and non-Balinese performers, scholars and other observers alike. In these essays, academic rigor and personal testimony sit in rich dialogue. Historians, anthropologists and theatre scholars engage alongside Balinese priests, musicians and Topeng practitioners, weaving together formal analysis with evocative reflections. Together, they illuminate how this ancient theatrical form is not only studied, but lived, acted and re-imagined in the everyday.

This volume will appeal to scholars of performance, Asian studies and cultural anthropology-or to anyone curious about how traditional forms both shape and are shaped by the many people who carry them forward.

Examines the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear disaster

The 2011 Fukushima Dai'ichi nuclear disaster was the worst industrial nuclear catastrophe to hit Japan. It was a major event, rated at the highest severity, which released radioactive elements into the power plant's surrounding environment when back-up systems failed and could not sufficiently cool the nuclear reactors. At least 164,000 people were permanently or temporarily displaced.

Radioactive Governance offers an ethnographic look at how the disaster was handled by Japan. Unlike prior nuclear-related narratives, such as those surrounding Chernobyl or Hiroshima, which focused on themes of harm, trauma, and victimization, the Japanese government consistently put forward a discourse of minimal or no radiation-related dangers, a gradual bringing home of former evacuees, a restarting of nuclear power plants, and the promotion of a resilient mindset in the face of adversity. This narrative worked to counter other understandings of recovery, such as those of worried citizens unsuccessfully fighting for permanent evacuation because they were afraid to go back to their homes.

Providing a rich theorization of how both governments and citizens shape narratives about catastrophic events, Radioactive Governance not only displays how Fukushima became a story of hope and resilience rather than of victimization, but also how radioactive governance shifted from the nuclear secrecy that characterized the Cold War era to relying on international organizations and domestic citizens to co-manage the aftermath of disasters.

Reproductive Boundaries examines the shifting boundaries of prenatal care in Switzerland, focusing on the Pregnancy Support Center's innovative psychosocial model. By redefining the territory of care, the Center extends its reach beyond the medical domain, exemplifying the reproductivization of life, the increasing organization of various life aspects through a reproductive lens. The book explores how this approach challenges traditional borders between medical and psychosocial care, offering an alternative to Switzerland's heavily medicalized reproductive care. Through ethnographic insights into reproductive talk, it reveals how psychosocial advisors shift the boundaries of reproductive care, balancing support with broader state goals of reproductive governance. Set against Switzerland's history of stratified reproductive policies, the study critically examines how psychosocial care reshapes the landscape of pregnancy, raising questions about surveillance and evolving gender roles. This thought-provoking work invites readers to reconsider the limits and possibilities of care in a fragmented society.

This book is also freely available online as an open access digital edition.

This book examines the profound impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on how people experienced dying, death and bereavement from early 2020 onwards. This interdisciplinary collection draws together international examples rooted in empirical research from death studies scholars to make sense of these impacts. The collection includes a wide range of insights from how personal and societal responses to the pandemic shaped the ways people talked and thought about death, to the provision of palliative and intensive care, and changes in funerary practices. The book demonstrates how social responses to the pandemic shaped death in this historical moment and explores potential lasting legacies, such as altered rituals. Curated from articles originally published in the journal Mortality with a new preface by the editors, this collection showcases why death studies is crucial for understanding not only the COVID-19 pandemic but also future pandemics and mass death events.

This volume will be essential reading for students, scholars, healthcare professionals, public health researchers and grief counsellors in medical anthropology, medical humanities, thanatology, sociology, bereavement studies and palliative care.

The chapters in this book were originally published in Mortality.

This book offers an anthropological exploration of the lullaby, a type of music found in nearly all human societies. The chapters review diverse ethnographic cases, from bedtime routines in Western societies to historical and Indigenous practices. Moving beyond common definitions of the lullaby, the author integrates 'diverging' instances of lulling, including mythological narratives, herding songs used to soothe cattle, sleep-inducing music composed for monarchs, electronic musical dolls, and protective spells. The work considers how these varied examples can add layers and depth to our understanding of what it means to lull a child. The investigation displays an innovative approach to musical comparison by investigating the 'partial connections' that different traditions display with one another. Positioned at the meeting point of comparative musicology and ethnomusicology, the study combines comparative gestures with original fieldwork and acknowledges both the importance of cross-cultural similarities and ethnographic entanglements that complicate generalisations. Starting from four European traditions (the Irish suantrai, the Georgian iavnana, the Ancient Roman nenia, and the Sami dovdna), the study delves into themes of power, spirituality, death, magic, technologies, and Indigenous ontologies, which echo across diverse cultural contexts without being quite universal. It will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, music, folklore, and beyond.

From an acclaimed archaeological writer, a worldwide history of hunting

"Offers a comprehensive, authoritative history tracing hunting's influence on culture and society through the ages."-Bill Heavy, Wall Street Journal

Hunting is one of humanity's most ancient and universal activities. It has been embedded in every facet of our lives, shaping social bonds, power hierarchies, and interactions with the spirit world. This book tells the story of how hunting evolved from a means of survival practiced with clubs and spears to a genteel display of royal power, and how it has become, in today's world, complicated and hotly contested.

In this wide-ranging study, Brian Fagan discusses how Neanderthals stalked prey and killed at close range, how hunting evolved as a political spectacle, and how commercial and trophy hunting precipitated an ecological crisis. He invites us to hunt with Charlemagne, explains how there was more to the demise of North American bison herds than rifles, and describes how influential figures such as John Muir, George Bird Grinnell, and Theodore Roosevelt fought for conservation during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Filled with lively stories, fascinating discoveries, and compelling characters, Fagan's exploration of hunting-a companion to his Fishing-offers an informed and entertaining history of an essential human pursuit.

This book brings together recent results of extensive and varied archaeological, stable isotope and ancient DNA research from the south coast of Tierra del Fuego and carefully integrates them with earlier archaeological, ethnographical and paleoenvironmental works in the region. Fuegian societies have fascinated travelers, naturalists and scientists during the last two centuries. The chapters analyze and review data on demographic trends, the trophic relations between human and faunal communities in ancient food webs and population genetics, providing a comprehensive picture of the hunter-gatherer history in the Fuegian Andes.

During the last decade, new perspectives and methodologies in archaeological research have taken place in the southern coast of Tierra del Fuego. Now, new results are emerging on the long-term interaction between human and coastal ecosystems. This book attempts to tell this state of the art in a comprehensive and approachable manner. In this sense, the book synthesizes current research that will be accessible to students and professionals alike.