文化・社会人類学 — 全 下位分類

This book brings together recent results of extensive and varied archaeological, stable isotope and ancient DNA research from the south coast of Tierra del Fuego and carefully integrates them with earlier archaeological, ethnographical and paleoenvironmental works in the region. Fuegian societies have fascinated travelers, naturalists and scientists during the last two centuries. The chapters analyze and review data on demographic trends, the trophic relations between human and faunal communities in ancient food webs and population genetics, providing a comprehensive picture of the hunter-gatherer history in the Fuegian Andes.

During the last decade, new perspectives and methodologies in archaeological research have taken place in the southern coast of Tierra del Fuego. Now, new results are emerging on the long-term interaction between human and coastal ecosystems. This book attempts to tell this state of the art in a comprehensive and approachable manner. In this sense, the book synthesizes current research that will be accessible to students and professionals alike.

This book explores the interconnections between biodiversity, cultural knowledge, and resource management in Lanna in Northern Thailand, and Northeast India. By examining traditional practices, economic activities, and gender roles, the book contributes to the repertoire of local knowledge concerning resource management which may lead to policies that balance conservation with sustainable development. Today, urban and rural communities worldwide, especially in tropical regions, face crises in economic, agricultural, environmental, and cultural dimensions. The breakdown of human-nature relationships has become an urgent issue that people globally are beginning to recognize. Crucial research questions in biodiversity studies are: how can we extract lessons from various field studies to restore local communities' capacity to manage biodiversity? How can we empower communities to regain control over production, utilization, and genetic resource development, including knowledge about food, medicine, and other natural resources? Relevant to scholars in anthropology, environmental social sciences, ethnic and cultural studies, this is a timely volume in sustainable development studies in Asia.

This book approaches the study from architectural perspectives, analyzing the collection of brochs' features and classifying them based on regional differences. By identifying regional standard models and hypothesizing design schemes, it reveals insights into the methods and strategies used by ancient builders. This understanding not only aids in interpreting brochs but also makes these uncertain archaeological sites more readable and accessible. The major conclusion of this book is the framework of interpretive conservation, offering practical guidance for the consolidation, restoration, and reconstruction of brochs. It advocates for holistic conservation projects that move beyond preservation, proposing dynamic changes to sites that enhance interpretation and public engagement. With its innovative approach and comprehensive analysis, this book is an indispensable resource for archaeologists, architects, and heritage professionals, offering ideas with potential applications to broader heritage conservation efforts worldwide.

Collaborative Archaeology brings together a diverse group of scholars and tribal cultural resource professionals to showcase how Indigenous knowledge is transforming archaeological practice. Edited by Chris Loendorf, this volume features twelve case studies that highlight the power of partnership between Native American communities and archaeologists. These collaborations not only enrich our understanding of the past but also affirm Indigenous cultural continuity. From the establishment of Tribal Historic Preservation Offices to tribally led research initiatives, the book illustrates how Native voices are reshaping the field.

This timely collection bridges disciplinary divides between archaeology, history, and traditional knowledge, challenging outdated narratives that separate "prehistory" from living Indigenous communities. Contributors demonstrate how ethical, community-based research can lead to more accurate and respectful interpretations of the past. Collaborative Archaeology is essential reading for scholars, students, and practitioners committed to scientific understanding and cultural preservation.

Contributors
Nicole Armstrong-Best
Skylar Begay
Jennifer Bess
Hannah F. Chavez
Robert B. Ciaccio
Shannon Cowell
William H. Doelle
Karl A. Hoerig
Anabel Galindo
Barnaby V. Lewis
Chris Loendorf
Brian Medchill
Linda Morgan
Laurene G. Montero
Stephen E. Nash
Eloise Pedro
Glen E. Rice
Teresa Rodrigues
Hoski Schaafsma
Thomas E. Sheridan
Katrina Soke
Lindsey Vogel-Teeter
Anastasia Walhovd
Kelly Washington
Reylynne Williams
M. Kyle Woodson
Aaron M. Wright

This book examines our understanding of the ways in which we produce and consume archaeological knowledge and proposes that this should play a greater role in our attempts to describe and comprehend the nature and purpose of archaeology, and the nature of archaeological knowledge. During the past fifty years prehistoric archaeologists have sought to promote or oppose several redefinitions of archaeological goals and approaches that have emphasized, variously, the liberating or constraining power of critical self-reflection. While practitioners have continued to expand the storehouse of archaeological data, they have also been engaged in active investigation of archaeological goals and approaches, and in intensifying debate over what it is proper or relevant for practitioners to do. Prehistoric archaeology is now much more than a method of data collection and analysis which is transformed into culture history (or exemplifications of material culture theory) by the acts of comparison and interpretation.

The central premise of this book is that the kind of understanding sought here should significantly improve our ability to work towards convincing solutions to many of the practical puzzles and problems with which we currently concern ourselves. The author also argues that this understanding will help to redefine the terms under which the collectivity of archaeological practitioners can be considered to be a functioning community.

Since the early 2000s, the Canadian government has attempted reconciliation with Indigenous nations through varied efforts: treaty processes, government commissions, rebranding campaigns for settler-owned businesses, workshops for state and local officials, school curriculum changes, and a recently christened national holiday However, as Joseph Weiss argues, these state-driven initiatives reinforce Indigenous subordination to the settler state. This incisive study of the varied responses from both Indigenous Nations and individuals to reconciliation illuminates how it is implicated in ongoing colonial erasure.

Critically engaging with a variety of fields, including Indigenous studies, anthropology, history, political theory, semiotics, and museum studies, Weiss captures the multiple scales at which these contested dynamics unfold and explores their underlying technologies of erasure. Irreconcilable unpacks how reconciliation offers amends for anti-Indigenous violence while disavowing responsibility for that violence, and argues that settler promises of reconciliation cannot be reconciled to the fact of Indigenous sovereignty. Nevertheless, Weiss illustrates how Indigenous Peoples refuse erasure at every turn, instead building alternate futures and lived worlds that are not always already colonially overdetermined.

What does it mean to live through a world coming undone? How do people carry on amid rupture, loss, and grief? Decolonial Endurance explores these questions through the turbulent lives of Indigenous Lisu subsistence farmers in China's Eastern Himalayas, bordering Myanmar and Tibet. Like many of China's Indigenous borderlands, this mountainous region has long borne the force of encroaching Chinese state power. Since the 1980s, the Chinese state has been compelling the Lisu to give up their subsistence lifeways, move into urban settlements, and send their children to government boarding schools. In exchange for the so-called gifts of development - healthcare, income, and education - they suffer environmental and social catastrophes such as mass landslides, strange new illnesses, and toxic food.

Drawing on over a decade of engagement with the Lisu, Ting Hui Lau takes readers into the world of ex-shamans, heart-pained mothers, restless spirits, and demon-mad migrants as they grapple with the fallout from state development, which Lau argues is the latest phase in a centuries-long project of settler colonialism along China's Southwest frontier. At once a portrayal of loss and an ethnography of hope, Lau chronicles Lisu worldmaking amid this destruction, centering their quiet resistance through everyday acts of communal caretaking. In a time of escalating geopolitical and ecological crisis, this book calls for a new decolonial politics rooted in the transformative power of endurance.

This book highlights the diverse and complicated ways that violence becomes axiomatic, namely through political rhetoric, epistemological impositions, and colonial legacies. Considering how axiomatic violence emerges from events of rupture as well as slow-moving structural inequalities, authors interrogate both the novelty and mundane quality of the current political moment. Approaching violence as axiomatic expands the conceptual lexicon for discussing how rhetorics, metaphors, and prescriptive assumptions can be inherently violent and become normalised, losing their event-like status. Through the routinisation of the extraordinary, truths become indisputable. Axioms combine neoteric and foundational violence to lend legitimacy to apparently incontestable categories of domination, disenfranchisement, and epistemological governance.

This book will be an asset to students and researchers of political theory, philosophy, and social anthropology and those interested in learning about the intersections of post-colonial and post-liberal anthropology, violence, and power.

The chapters in this book were first published as a special issue of Anthropological Forum and are accompanied by a new Afterword.

We live in a fragile world. This much is evident as stories abound of natural disasters that wipe out communities in an instant. How can we survive the future on such a planet, amid intensifying climate change? This question is particularly poignant along the Ring of Fire, a tectonic belt in the Pacific region that routinely faces some of the most devastating disasters in the world. Based on ethnographic research spanning seven years, Play to Survive examines the work of preparedness training in Japan and Chile, two primary nations along the Ring of Fire that experience frequent and intense disasters. Experts from these countries have often collaborated to create some of the most advanced disaster preparedness systems in the world. Chika Watanabe traces how local city officials, NGOs, and members of neighborhood and grassroots organizations are, counterintuitively, using fun, playful methods to teach preparation for our darkest hours.

While there are many important studies of post-disaster response, much less is written about the future-orientation of disaster preparedness. This book shows how a transnational group of preparedness experts orient people toward potential disasters in gentle and hopeful ways, focusing on improvisation and repair. In a time of political and environmental destabilization globally, this book offers a unique look at how playful preparedness can reset relationships to environments, to the future, and to each other.

Becoming Utopia centers on the tiny community of Bishop Hill, Illinois, whose marketing materials call it "Utopia on the Prairie," home to a radical communal religious sect that emigrated from Sweden in the 1840s. Through rich textual and ethnographic analyses, Margaret E. Farrar and Adam Kaul tell the story of what happens when a small, historically significant Midwestern community negotiates the contradictory impulses of twenty-first-century place-making. At first glance, Bishop Hill is simply a small heritage tourism destination in Midwestern flyover country, but further inspection reveals it to be a complex place that mixes a deep nostalgia for the past undercut by complex origin stories of displacement and colonialism, an active historic preservation movement amid futuristic green energy technologies built by multinational corporations, and a commitment to localism in the context of omnipresent globalization.

Based on fifteen years of fieldwork, Becoming Utopia is an interdisciplinary contribution to conversations about the importance and meaning of place-making, heritage-making, and sustainability (social, economic, and environmental) in the twenty-first century.

Affect as Cultural Critique assembles leading anthropologists, affect theorists, and artist-activist scholars to ask, what if the most constructive response to moments of ethnographic puzzlement was not the formulation of an answer but the cultivation of a feeling? What if understanding the powerful effects of discourses requires somatic rather than semiotic exercises? And where habits of academic professionalism prohibit experiencing possible worlds - what if anthropology as a discipline could leverage affect to differently connect and cultivate collaboration with others?

In line with growing movements to decolonize the academy, the essays in Affect as Cultural Critique feature ethnographic accounts of people actively describing, experimenting with, and otherwise exercising affect in ways that challenge the academy's inherited models for analyzing emotional life. Through an experimental collection of traditional ethnographic essays and artist-activist-generated critiques, this volume explores how everyday modes of feeling function as methods of knowing. By centering non-academic and non-Western affective practices as answers to traditional theoretical problems generated primarily by Western theorists, Affect as Cultural Critique seeks new trajectories for the discipline through a rediscovery of discovery itself as a guiding professional aim, as methodological inspiration, and as a source of reflexive critique of the discipline's philosophical and theory-heavy analytics.

The Craft of Belonging explores the role of craft and its mediation of social boundaries, particularly in communities that are under state pressure. Anthropologists Matthew Magnani and Natalia Magnani blend anthropology and archaeology to explore the role of craft in community-making from prehistory to present with the Sami, the Indigenous peoples of Northern Europe. Sapmi, the Sami homeland, has sat at a material crossroads for millennia. Forests, tundras, and extended social networks offered raw materials autochthonous and imported. Wood, antler, cloth, and silver were crafted to cope with Arctic climates and state incursions. Integrating archaeological, ethnographic and Indigenous perspectives to reveal the transformative nature of material culture, The Craft of Belonging shows how long-term perspectives accentuate the shifting meanings and malleability of material social boundaries. Local agencies intersect with changing trade networks, colonialism and climate change, to resonate through the production, uses and signals of Sami craft (duodji). This book thus contends that ancestral material cultures, far from static cultural domains, are innovative sites of social transformation used to assert rights to land, water, and community belonging.

Charles W. A. Prior offers a new account of the sovereign claims of Native Americans, the Crown, and colonies in early America, arguing that Native American diplomacy shaped how sovereignty was negotiated and contested among all three, from Virginia's founding to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Previous scholars have focused on the contested relationship between the British imperial state and the colonies it established along the Atlantic Coast without addressing how sovereign Native nations shaped the colonial process through warfare, diplomacy, trade, peace-making, and treaty-making.

Prior adopts a new interpretive framework for examining sovereignty in early America, arguing that the Native and colonial spaces of the Northeast were a treaty ground thickly layered with agreements and negotiated rules of interaction. Drawing on an extensive range of treaty records, writings on colonial and imperial affairs, letters, and official documents, Treaty Ground argues that sovereignty was negotiated within diplomacy and shaped the norms of war, the terms of peace and alliances, the rightful ownership of territory, and appropriate responses to treaty violations. This process in turn structured relations between the Crown and colonies and framed initial positions on how the power of congress related to that of the states.

Treaty Ground offers historical depth to our understanding of how Native nations articulated Indigenous power within colonialism, cuts settler colonialism down to size, and expands contemporary understandings of the sovereign relationships between Native nations in the United States and Canada.

Wage work was supposed to "kill the Indian and save the man," or so thought Richard Pratt and other late nineteenth-century policymakers. Nevertheless, even as American Indians entered the workforce, they remained connected to their lands and cultures. In this powerful history of resilience and transformation, Colleen O'Neill uncovers the creative strategies Native workers employed to subvert assimilation and fight for justice in the workplace, their collective strength expanding the very meaning of sovereignty.

Drawing on federal archives, Native memoirs, oral histories, and field research, O'Neill traces a sweeping story that stretches from the era of boarding schools to the contemporary world of high-stakes gaming. For more than a century, federal policymakers tried to reshape Native lives through labor. In some cases, children were sent to pick crops and scrub settlers' homes. In others, families were relocated to distant cities for permanent year-round jobs that were designed to replace traditional seasonal labor and lifestyle patterns. But Native workers persevered. They rebuilt their communities, fought to reclaim control of the reservation workplace, and developed distinctive institutions to defend their cultural, political, and economic sovereignty. As Waging Sovereignty illuminates, wage work was a focal point of assimilationist efforts and, in turn, labor became a key factor in Native workers' anti-colonial struggle.

Exploring Reproduction: Anthropological Perspectives introduces students to the dynamic field of the anthropology of reproduction, examining how human reproduction is shaped by cultural, historical, and political forces.

This textbook engages with key issues such as fertility, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies, childbirth, contraception, reproductive governance, genetics, and justice. Drawing on foundational anthropological concepts-like personhood, stratified reproduction, and biopolitics-it introduces students to the various ways in which reproduction intersects with gender, sexuality, kinship, and social institutions. Through case studies and theoretical insights, the book showcases the relevance of anthropological approaches to understanding reproductive health, rights, and policy across diverse contexts.

Exploring Reproduction: Anthropological Perspectives is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in anthropology, sociology, public health, allied medicine, biology, and related fields exploring reproduction, identity, and power.

Historical Archaeology offers students a comprehensive and accessible introduction to historical archaeology and highlights the regional, cultural, and ethnic diversity of the modern historical period.

This volume covers key methods and concepts, including fundamental theories and principles, the history of the field, and basic definitions; it also includes a practical look at career prospects for interested readers. It discusses central topics of archaeological research such as time and space, survey and excavation methods, and analytical techniques, encouraging readers to consider the possible meanings of artifacts. This fourth edition has been heavily revised to reflect the changes to the discipline. As well as updating the case studies, the many revisions include the following: information on new technological approaches in surveying, excavating, and documenting sites and buildings; a focus on global cultural preservation and heritage; updates on maritime and underwater archaeology; and new additions on conflict archaeology. A new chapter on Indigenous and underserved community voices in archaeology, drawing on recent scholarship, has been added to reflect the importance of this topic in current teaching.

Drawing on the author's extensive experience as an historical archaeologist, Historical Archaeology continues to be an ideal resource for students studying this rapidly expanding global field, demonstrating the real importance of this subject to our understanding of the world in which we live today.

The ultimate guide for the student encountering anthropology for the first time, Anthropology: The Basics explains and explores anthropological concepts and themes. In this immensely readable book, Peter Metcalf makes large and complex topics both accessible and enjoyable, arguing that the issues anthropology deals with are all around us, in magazines and newspapers and on television. He tackles topics such as:

• What is anthropology?
• How the issues of anthropology arise in everyday life.
• How can we distinguish cultural differences from physical ones?
• What is culture anyway?
• How do anthropologists study culture?
• What are the key theories and approaches used today?
• How has the discipline changed over time?
• Decolonizing anthropology.
  

New to this edition are a reframing of gender and feminist theory, discussions of queer anthropology, as well as an entirely new chapter on decolonizing anthropology. This student-friendly text provides an overview of the fundamental principles of anthropology and is an invaluable guide for anyone wanting to learn more about this fascinating subject.

Tribes: Challenging the Image, Shifting the Paradigm reconsiders the concept of "tribe" in political, cultural, and academic discourse, offering a dynamic alternative to outdated and damaging stereotypes.

This book critiques the popular portrayal of tribes as static, violent, or regressive, arguing instead for an understanding of tribal life as adaptive, egalitarian, and resilient. Drawing on examples from colonial history, contemporary war zones, and indigenous sovereignty movements, it explores how tribes disperse power, resist conquest, and regenerate through ritual and cultural practice. The volume challenges the misuse of "tribalism" in modern politics and repositions tribes as vital actors in global conversations about identity, governance, and resource rights. Through comparative analysis, it proposes a new paradigm that recognizes tribes as shape-shifters rather than fixed structures.

Tribes: Challenging the Image, Shifting the Paradigm is ideal for students and researchers interested in anthropology, human rights, international relations, and political rhetoric.

Anthropology is inseparable from writing, whether in field diaries, letters, articles, or books. Among these writings, letters form paper bridges-holding a special place as material artifacts uniquely capable of building scholarly communities and sustaining relationships with field collaborators long after the fieldwork is completed.

The story of Franz Boas, one of the founders of American anthropology, can be imagined as a res publica literaria, a network that, like its Renaissance prototype, shaped the contours of transnational anthropology. This two-part volume chronicles more than forty years of Boas's collaborations and friendships with Russian and Soviet anthropologists, following a small group of anthropologists as they built the house of Arctic and Siberian anthropology. Through these letters, readers are introduced to a lesser-known aspect of Boas's political life and his ambition to redefine anthropology as a transnational discipline, one that transcended national borders and political obstacles. Through meticulously gathered correspondence from more than thirty archives in the United States, Russia, France, and Norway, The Franz Boas Papers, Volume 3 reveals an untold chapter in the history of anthropology.

Kachinland is an unrecognized state in the borderlands of Myanmar, India, China, and Thailand. Its geography throws into sharp relief the intersecting dynamics of British colonialism, settler colonialism, and protracted war between the Kachin Independence Army and the Myanmar Army. Kachinland's rich natural resources - including jade and hydropower - are coveted by the junta-led Myanmar government and its energy hungry neighbor, China. As resource extraction and land confiscation intensifies, Kachin activists and artists turn to Indigenous law and media to stem the tide of displacement and dispossession.

Emily Hong follows a diverse cast of Kachin activists, punk rock musicians, women farmers, and armed group leaders dreaming up new futures for Kachinland. She examines how they draw on the infrastructures of the borderlands - cross-border media tactics, inter-ethnic solidarity, and an expanded sense of the law and political possibility-to sustain activism for the long-haul. With critical awareness of the colonial legacies of the region and of anthropology itself, Hong uncovers the limitations and liberatory potential of borderland solidarity, offering a powerful lens for understanding global activism and for navigating collaborative ethnography. Through evocative storytelling and sensory ethnography, Hong's book challenges readers to move beyond a Western lens on solidarity to ask what activists, artists, and anthropologists alike can learn from centering non-Western ways of theorizing and embodying political sensation and collective action.

This book illustrates the ways in which today's environmental anthropologists are constructing new paradigms for understanding the multiplicity of players, pressures, and ecologies in every environment, as well as the value of cultural knowledge of landscapes.

This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of contemporary topics in environmental anthropology and thorough discussions on the current state and prospective future of the field in seven key sections. As the contributions to this handbook demonstrate, the subfield of environmental anthropology is responding to cultural adaptations and responses to environmental changes in multiple and complex ways. As a discipline concerned primarily with human-environment interaction, environmental anthropologists recognize that we are now working within a pressure cooker of rapid environmental damage that is forcing behavioral and often cultural changes around the world. As we see in the breadth of topics presented in this volume, these environmental challenges have inspired renewed foci on traditional topics such as food procurement, ethnobiology, and spiritual ecology, as well as a broad new range of subjects such as resilience, nonhuman rights, architectural anthropology, industrialism, and education. The second edition includes greater coverage of topics that have grown increasingly pertinent not only to the field of environmental anthropology but also to peoples, places, and species around the world since the publication of the original volume. To this end, the new edition includes chapters illustrating the role of environmental anthropologists in the struggle for environmental justice and elucidating instances of environmental racism, climate change, the effects of the global pandemic, and much more.

This comprehensive, holistically oriented second edition is an ideal resource not only to inform students and scholars about the history and challenges of environmental anthropology today, but also to prepare them to apply the anthropological skill set to address challenges of justice, health, conservation, and wellbeing in a climate-changed world.

Coastal Futures explores the profound transformation of our relationship with the world's coasts, as nearly 40 percent of humanity now lives within 100 kilometers of the sea.

Moving beyond the traditional view of coasts as simple boundaries between land and water, this book reveals the coast as a diverse, networked landscape shaped by intertidal ecologies, sprawling infrastructures, and everyday practices that reach far beyond the shore. By uncovering the "coastalization" of society, the book highlights the growing significance of shores in understanding contemporary life and environmental change. Drawing on rich ethnographic research, the volume challenges traditional notions of the coast as simply a physical object or maritime boundary. Instead, it closely examines the diverse material forms and infrastructural connections that define coastal spaces, envisioning new futures for these vital zones.

Coastal Futures argues that a scientific inquiry into the dynamic interplay of society and coastlines is both urgent and essential, encouraging more responsible and imaginative ways of living with and on the coast. Ultimately, the book redeems the coast as a geo-ontological force-one that shapes, enables, and constrains the transformative energies of global assemblages, rather than serving as a passive backdrop to human activity.

Combines anthropology's four subfields to explore what it means to be human

Introduction to Holistic Anthropology invites students to rediscover anthropology as Franz Boas once envisioned it - a unified discipline that integrates biological, historical, linguistic, and cultural perspectives to understand human diversity and commonality. In contrast to the fragmented state of the field today, where sub-disciplines often operate in isolation, this innovative textbook emphasizes a holistic approach that encourages readers to see the connections between different aspects of human life. John Forrest and Badger Forrest-Blincoe confront the challenge of making sense of anthropology's "post-everything" landscape by shifting the focus from what anthropology is not to what it can be: a rigorous, integrative inquiry into the many dimensions of human existence.

Drawing on decades of combined teaching and research experience across six continents, the authors explore anthropology's enduring questions about human nature, cultural variation, and the interplay of biology and learning. This book challenges students to consider how anthropologists build knowledge, where disagreements arise, and how the very foundations of the discipline can be contested and conceptualized.

Offering an accessible yet comprehensive framework that prompts learners to think across disciplinary boundaries, Introduction to Holistic Anthropology:

• Addresses the fragmentation of the discipline and offers strategies for reconnecting its branches
• Draws on fieldwork and teaching experience spanning six continents
• Frames key questions in clear and engaging language for those new to the subject
• Fosters analytical thinking and respectful debate
• Highlights anthropology's relevance to contemporary global issues and intercultural understanding
• Supports interdisciplinary thinking that connects anthropology to other fields of study

Introduction to Holistic Anthropology is designed for undergraduate students in introductory anthropology courses, particularly at the first- and second-year level. Suitable for degrees in anthropology, sociology, history, and global studies, it provides a solid foundation for understanding human cultures and diversity.