労働史・労働運動史・社会主義史 — 全 下位分類

This book chronicles the history of Chinese miners in one of the largest mines in Northeast Asia from 1900 to 1948, situating this emergent working class at the nexus of industrial capitalism, imperial expansion, and nation-state construction. Coal from Fushun (in present-day Liaoning province) fuelled industrial development that enabled the JAPANESE EMPIRE and later rival Chinese regimes to secure their economic, political, and military presence in the region. In turn, the extraction, processing, and distribution of Fushun coal depended on rendering immobile previously mobile migrant workers through coercion, surveillance, and incentives. The loss of mobility for these migrant workers ultimately resulted in their dependence on the mine for their livelihood. Drawing on Chinese and Japanese archival sources, this book investigates the global forces and environmental conditions that shaped the rise of these interdependent yet asymmetrical relations, and illuminates how coal extraction under industrial capitalism subsumed human labor while concurrently reproducing unequal power relations between social groups.

Urban Markets and Women's Labor: Navigating Institutional Boundaries in Premodern Europe

Women played a crucial role in medieval and early modern urban economies, yet their labor opportunities varied greatly depending on local institutions. This book compares the guild-structured labor markets of Antwerp and Mechelen in Brabant with Bilbao's informal economy in Biscay during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. By analyzing these distinct institutional contexts, it offers a multifaceted understanding of women's economic roles in premodern Europe. Drawing on a wide range of legislative and judicial sources, Vandeweerdt demonstrates how legal frameworks, socioeconomic structures, and individual strategies shaped women's activities in small-scale trade. Bridging institutional analysis and personal agency, Women and Work through a Comparative Lens sheds new light on the interplay between labor organization and everyday practices in premodern Europe.

This book explores the historical relationships between socialist ideologies and religious or secular beliefs and cultures that shape the modern socialist. Portraying the cultural preferences and existential attitudes of leading Marxists, exploring the British tradition of "the religion of socialism", and excavating the forgotten interwovenness of Wagnerism with social democracy as well as Bolshevism, it brings to the fore how socialists have aspired to revolutionise modern art, culture, and forms of living.

Since the birth of modern socialism in the first decades of the nineteenth century, socialism has been represented by its enemies as an intoxicating, seductive form of religion. The fact that this is an anti-socialist trope does not mean that socialists themselves haven't given voice to the same idea. This book examines the views of socialists who have held that their political views are grounded in a special view of life and think of this in terms of its being a form of immanent humanism.

Offering an evaluation of the usefulness of terms such as "religion", "myth", and "ritual", Humanist Socialism and the Religion of Socialism explores the history of modern socialist movements. It will therefore appeal to scholars of intellectual history, political theory, political philosophy, and cultural history with interests in varieties of socialism and its connection with "ultimate concerns".

Au cours de l'entre-deux-guerres au Quebec, les luttes des sans-travail jouent un role determinant dans la politisation du probleme du chomage. Ce sujet devient alors un enjeu a la fois collectif, social et politique remettant en question la relation entre la democratie et le capitalisme en plus de participer au processus de formation de l'Etat.

Ces mobilisations, jumelees a celles qui se deroulent ailleurs au Canada, expliquent pourquoi le chomage devient une question d'importance qui est soudainement debattue largement dans la sphere publique. Apres la Premiere Guerre mondiale, les manifestations prennent racine a Montreal pour ensuite s'etendre a d'autres villes quebecoises au cours de la Grande Depression. En attirant l'attention des autorites, elles contribuent a poser un regard different sur le chomage et la pauvrete en plus de forcer une intervention etatique accrue. L'heure des petitions est passee explore le repertoire d'action collective et l'economie morale des sans-travail afin de mieux comprendre leur role dans l'histoire du chomage. Considerant que leur incapacite a trouver un travail est independante de leur volonte, les protestataires formulent des revendications annoncant une redefinition de la citoyennete comprenant de nouvelles attentes envers l'Etat. De ce fait, ils considerent avoir droit a une protection sociale leur permettant de satisfaire leurs besoins fondamentaux.

S'inscrivant dans une demarche d'histoire vue d'en bas, L'heure des petitions est passee demontre le pouvoir de l'agentivite collective des gens ordinaires, ainsi que leur role dans les processus de transformations sociales.

In Shoe Workers in Hannibal, Missouri, Gregg Andrews examines the history of factory laborers in a celebrated Mississippi River town. In the late 1890s, shoe manufacturing transformed Mark Twain's boyhood home from a steamboat village to a factory town. By the mid-1920s, the St. Louis-based International Shoe Company, the world's largest shoe manufacturer at the time, controlled all shoe production in Hannibal and continued to do so until it shut down production lines in the 1960s. The company kept a tight grip on the town as it battled to keep out unions and maintain labor at a low cost and in a malleable state. When Hannibal's shoe workers claimed their right to organize under the New Deal during the Great Depression, the shoe corporation was defiant. The company's stance sparked mob violence against outside union organizers, nurtured a company union, pitted unionists against company loyalists, and badly divided Hannibal. At the same time, the town was engaged in yearlong festivities to celebrate the centennial of Mark Twain's birth and the opening of a museum named in his honor.

Andrews's study of shoe manufacturing and its production workers is thick in detail and rich with the human stories of those whose lives were shaped by the rise and fall of the shoe industry in Hannibal. Andrews captures the shoe workers-white and Black, men and women-in their own words as they describe their jobs, family struggles, and battles to unionize.

Andrews examines the prevailing conditions that led the company to close its production facilities in Hannibal, leaving shoe workers and the town to confront the early shock waves of deindustrialization. His study of an industry that has virtually disappeared in the United States leaves a record for the families of thousands of American shoe workers and the citizens of Hannibal to better understand their history and the role shoe manufacturing played in it.

Wage work was supposed to "kill the Indian and save the man," or so thought Richard Pratt and other late nineteenth-century policymakers. Nevertheless, even as American Indians entered the workforce, they remained connected to their lands and cultures. In this powerful history of resilience and transformation, Colleen O'Neill uncovers the creative strategies Native workers employed to subvert assimilation and fight for justice in the workplace, their collective strength expanding the very meaning of sovereignty.

Drawing on federal archives, Native memoirs, oral histories, and field research, O'Neill traces a sweeping story that stretches from the era of boarding schools to the contemporary world of high-stakes gaming. For more than a century, federal policymakers tried to reshape Native lives through labor. In some cases, children were sent to pick crops and scrub settlers' homes. In others, families were relocated to distant cities for permanent year-round jobs that were designed to replace traditional seasonal labor and lifestyle patterns. But Native workers persevered. They rebuilt their communities, fought to reclaim control of the reservation workplace, and developed distinctive institutions to defend their cultural, political, and economic sovereignty. As Waging Sovereignty illuminates, wage work was a focal point of assimilationist efforts and, in turn, labor became a key factor in Native workers' anti-colonial struggle.

In 1975, Kuwaiti workers orchestrated arguably the most powerful citizen-led movement for noncitizen rights in the history of the Persian Gulf. Their efforts built on decades of wide-ranging struggle over the meanings and outlines of citizenship. During the twentieth century, anticolonial nationalists, pro-democracy reformers, feminists, and labor organizers joined forces to fight for a more equitable citizenship regime. In so doing, they won a remarkable series of victories: political independence, constitutional rights, and oil nationalization, reshaping not just Kuwait, but the global petroleum order.

Comrades Estranged reframes the history of labor activism, citizenship, and decolonization in Persian Gulf by centering the history of social movements-especially organized labor. Alex Boodrookas traces how workers and their allies shaped the world-historic transformations witnessed across the region: the consolidation of British sovereignty, formation of autocratic states, inrush of hydrocarbon wealth, onset of decolonization, and rise of both mass migration and mass politics. But unions failed to incorporate noncitizens into their movement, and as Boodrookas argues, this fatally undermined the movements' strength. The contradictions of nationalist and internationalist visions proved insurmountable. Comrades Estranged thus sheds light on both the power, and the limits, of citizenship and the nation-state as the framework for political action.

In the 1930s, activists with France's Popular Front mobilized culture against fascism. Examining music, theater, film, art, and festivals in Paris, Marseille, and Rouen, this book analyses approaches to antifascism and how they varied and interacted across different regions and left-wing traditions.

By combining revolutionary, republican, and working-class heritage, antifascists aimed to foster unifying identities to mobilize the French people. Simultaneously, the distinct outlooks of Communists, Radicals, and Socialists, in addition to the different visions among national figures in Paris and local activists, produced divergent understandings of antifascist culture, ultimately weakening the coalition. This study explains the political, social, and cultural context of the 1930s that generated these movements to break down barriers between ordinary citizens and French culture. It also explores how antifascists constructed the "French people," an ambiguous concept that carried both social and civic connotations.

Aimed at a scholarly audience, this volume engages with historians of modern France and the interwar period in Europe and will interest researchers in antifascist and fascist studies, as well as the fields of cultural politics, republicanism, communism, socialism, and national and regional identity.

The “Matrix of Work” provides an interdisciplinary “big picture” of the global history of human work from its beginnings to the end of the 21st century. In the sense of a matrix, the book encompasses both an in-depth analysis of the essential structural elements of the epochs of work and an examination of overarching dimensions across epochal boundaries.

Empirical research forms the core of the matrix materials. It includes an extensive compilation of data from the disciplines of economic and social statistics, archaeology, ethnology and global historical research on productivity, working and living hours, domestic and family work, consumption baskets and their distribution, and much more. These findings are presented in the form of timelines, tables and informative graphics. Based on this data and knowledge of the current state of research in these fields, theses are formulated to understand the big picture.

Anyone with an interest in the history and future of work will find new insights, thought-provoking arguments, and distinctive set of long-term data highly valuable.

This book provides the first major transatlantic history of Irish serving women, drawing on four years of archival research in Dublin, Belfast, New York, Boston, London and Liverpool. Domestic service was the largest source of employment for generations of women who left Ireland in the decades after the Great Famine. The perceived difficulty of managing Irish servants became a prominent feature of cultural discourse in the United States and England, where countless cartoons, editorials and literary works caricatured the figure of 'Bridget'. Irish maids and cooks were a canvas on which to project fears not only about Irish politics and immigration but also changing class and gender roles. Existing scholarship on the Irish experience of domestic service has typically focused on socio-economic conditions, but such approaches tend not to capture the complex ways in which Irish female immigrants were encountered both in private households and in wider society. Irish servants were framed through discourses that could involve nostalgia and guilt as well as amusement and disgust: more complex scripts, in general, than those used to describe Irish immigrant men. The period covered in the book allows for a diverse range of cultural sources - including romance novels and Hollywood films depicting working Irish women - to be examined, moving beyond the Victorian-era caricatures typically emphasised in earlier work on the Irish in domestic service.

This edited collection presents 16 new historical cases of wage formation and wage bargaining across the early modern and preindustrial world.

Recent literature has revived an established interest in the economic history of wage formation, underlining the gaps still existing in our understanding of wages' composition, quantification, and process of structuring. This collection will shed light on these points, examining diverse topics including in-kind and monetary payments, bonuses and supplements, work contracts, differentials between skilled and unskilled workers, women's work, slavery and coerced labour contracts, and wages in both diachronic and comparative perspective: how wages' structure and composition changes across times and spaces (both in terms of geographical areas and urban-rural environments). The book presents case studies from various geographical areas (from South America to India) from the preindustrial period to the contemporary age and features related contributions on the manufacturing sector, agriculture, mining, and public sectors. The book will be a valuable resource for scholars and students of pre-industrial labour markets in economic, social and labour history.

Chapters 6 and 10 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book examines a largely overlooked social movement in West Germany, notable for its significant influence on the national apprenticeship system. The movement, which led to substantial increases in apprentice pay and contributed to long-term improvements in training quality, is analysed through a wide array of sources, including contemporary German-language literature, official statistics, and archival documents from trade unions and employers' associations.

Consideration of comparable changes in the UK, Switzerland, Sweden and the US contributes to a broader understanding of developments in Germany at the time.

Addressing an important gap in scholarship, the book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers in economic history, labour economics, social sciences and history, interested in a better understanding of the apprentice movement in Germany and its impact on educational reform, employment relations and apprenticeship.