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In this dynamic new analysis of colonialism and empire, Susan Y. Najita centers indigenous knowledge and embodied practice. This brings into clear focus the disruptions to creational and life-giving relationships between people, the more-than-human, and the environment. Living Genealogies focuses on the colonizing processes that led to the establishment of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park on one of the most sacred places in the Pacific, the home of Pele, goddess of fire. Colonization works by severing ties to sacred life-giving places maintained through kinship and mutual thriving. In bringing together disparate fields of study-the volcano, the overthrow and annexation, and leprosy-with the embodied practice of sacred hula, Najita shows how genealogy is the basis for both critique and decolonial praxis. Reading the epic tale of Pele and her sister Hi'iaka-i-ka-poli-o-Pele teaches us about what Najita calls "genealogics," the connections that structure the reciprocal care and nurturing that form the basis of vibrant health of generations of living communities over time. In the end, Najita argues, we can look to this relationship of repair and mutuality as an answer to our wider health and environmental crises.

Displaced Persons and the Reshaping of American Immigration after World War II traces the journey of U.S. policy toward displaced persons (DPs) in post-war Europe, examining how America transformed from a nation resistant to accepting refugees to one that ultimately created a groundbreaking resettlement program.

Despite initial public apathy and political resistance, America eventually welcomed roughly 400,000 refugees through a nationwide program, reopening the gates of U.S. immigration that had been largely shuttered since the 1920s. This book meticulously examines the factors that drove this remarkable shift: the persistent advocacy of humanitarian champions, the recognition of DPs' potential contributions as workers and community members, and crucially, President Harry Truman's leadership and commitment to human dignity. Through an exploration of legislative battles, implementation challenges, and varying state and local responses, the narrative reveals how America's refugee policy was shaped by competing interests and perspectives. The author provides a balanced understanding of how public policy evolves through denial, delay, and eventual action. It is an instructive story of the makings, workings, and effects of American public policy and one that provides lessons for the advances and reversals of U.S. efforts on behalf of refugees in more recent years.

Essential reading for students of American history, immigration policy, and humanitarian affairs, this book offers valuable insights into the historical precedents of today's refugee debates and the complex interplay between American ideals and practices.

Exploring the dynamic interplay between religion and revolution in the founding era

Religion lies at the heart of how many Americans understand the birth of their nation, giving rise to passionate calls for national unity and principled struggles for religious freedom. For the first time in thirty years, scholars of the founding era have joined together to reassess this central topic for our present moment. From fast-day proclamations to wartime crises of conscience, from Americans caught between multiple political interests to citizens of the new republic trying to reconcile revivalistic faith with the voices of the Enlightenment, the historians gathered here address timeless topics and open new terrain. Together, they present a world in which Americans of many faiths responded to new challenges and unprecedented situations.

This fascinating portrait of religion in the Revolutionary era takes readers through topics as varied as the circulation of radical theological manuscripts in New England to the ways that the Revolutionary generation demanded more religious protections in their new governing documents. It examines the complex relationship between freedom, emancipation, and religion within and across new borders, elucidating the complex relationship between religion, revolution, and the new United States.

Food History: Cultures of Food in the Modern World analyzes the history of food as a dynamic, contextual process unfolding over time and space, diversified across the many food cultures and food systems of the world.

The book examines cuisines and tastes as historical formations, products of exchange and trade, shaped by the mobility of people, plants, and animals, as well as by the agricultural and culinary agency of farmers and cooks-most of them women-whose memory has often been lost in the margins of history. With its focus on the modern age, Food History describes the major transformations in the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food that have shaped contemporary food systems and cultures. It traces the progressive globalization of food and the making of cuisines: from the birth of subsistence farming in the Fertile Crescent and the great agricultural civilizations of the ancient world, to the industrialization of food and the emergence of the nation-state and science as forces shaping the diets of large populations; from the "fast food" cuisine of global food multinationals to the "slow food" gastronomy that responded to such standardization, as well as the rise of food activism.

With its rich array of illustrations, maps, and case study boxes, Food History helps students and general readers understand food as a source of nourishment, health, pleasure, identity, and politics, as well as the impact that its production, distribution, and consumption have had on society and the environment.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

The Scourge of Jewish Nationalism is the first book-length study of the theopolitical writings of Rabbi Yoel Teitelbaum of Satmar (1887-1979). A towering figure in twentieth-century Judaism, Teitelbaum was the founder and spiritual leader of the ultra-Orthodox Satmar Hasidic sect, today the largest Hasidic sect in the world. He emerged in the post-Holocaust years as one of the most provocative thinkers in traditional Judaism. The book situates Teitelbaum's dense rabbinic writing in the larger context of contemporary political thought and theology on questions of nationalism, messianism, and Jewish covenantal theology. Introducing readers to Teitelbaum's anti-Zionist writings, Shaul Magid argues that Teitelbaum's anti-Zionist ideas were among the most significant Jewish theological interventions of the twentieth century. Putting his work into dialogue with important philosophers, theologians, and theorists inside and outside of Judaism, The Scourge of Jewish Nationalism closely examines Teitelbaum's work as an illustration of how the Jewish tradition challenges, and is challenged by, the modern nationalist project and its Jewish articulation in Zionism.

The remarkable journey of a group of Black emigrants from the American South to Liberia after emancipation

In October 1865, six months after the Civil War ended, more than one hundred of the Black residents of Lynchburg, Virginia, left their homes to cross the ocean and begin their lives anew. Their destination was Liberia. They risked everything for the chance to live as full citizens, educate their children, own land, and make a good living-all of which they felt they stood a better chance to do outside the United States, despite their newfound freedom. Why did they leave so soon after the dream of emancipation had finally been realized? And what happened when they ultimately disembarked in West Africa? Out of Virginia tells their story.

In this deeply researched and powerfully written book, Joe Stinnett explores the complex motivations and circumstances that compelled hundreds of Black Virginians to leave the United States and recounts in vivid detail the world they encountered and how they fared after their arrival in Liberia. It also demonstrates in a way few books have done before the local, grassroots nature of the expatriation movement in nineteenth-century America. Above all, Stinnett underscores the depth of determination asserted by Black individuals and families to decide their future for themselves, regardless of the consequences.

In 1964, East Germany introduced an alternative, unarmed military service that recognized religious belief as a basis for conscientious objection. In a new category of military unit, pacifists performed construction tasks. While accepting a compromise to wear a military uniform, many construction soldiers (Bausoldaten) refused to conform to the military's expectations. Some refused to take the service vow and to work on projects with a direct military orientation. They established the principle that there was more to Bausoldat service than simply getting through the eighteen months of wearing a uniform. As civilians, they continued their advocacy by forming networks and local peace groups that became the foundation of a broader social movement committed to peace. Drawing on oral history interviews, Party-State files, military and secret police documents, and church records, Constructing Peace focuses on the development of this activism amongst the first two cohorts of Bausoldaten in the mid-1960s.

Traces how the calorie became America's way to quantify food, police bodies, and moralize behavior

From packaged foods, to lifestyle magazines, and public health discussions, calories are deeply woven into the fabric of everyday life. Promoted as a neutral scientific unit of measurement, they have come to measure more than food energy: from food value, to health, lifestyle, and even personal conduct.

Inventing the Calorie provides the first comprehensive history of the food calorie in the United States. Spanning the late 1880s to the 1930s, the book traces the calorie's journey through labor disputes, scientific laboratories, wartime rationing, European food aid, and the rise of consumer culture, ending with the emergence of dieting as a popular practice. Nina Mackert explores how the calorie became regarded as not only a unit of measurement, but also a way of creating social differences as it translates to individual bodies and populations. It could address industrial productivity, racial improvement, colonial management, public health, and the anxieties of abundance.

By making food, bodies, and work measurable, the calorie offered a seemingly objective language for negotiating conflicts over the needs of workers, women, Black Americans, and aid recipients. In doing so, the calorie helped define the "consumer citizen" as responsible for managing diet, weight, and health-an ideal that fueled fat shaming and moralized body size while not challenging consumer capitalism. Shedding new light on the history of one of the most popular tools for dieting, Inventing the Calorie reveals how one small number transformed the way Americans think about food, bodies, health and citizenship, and why its legacy still shapes our most personal choices today.

In 1802 Humphry Davy hailed a new era in which science was empowering mankind as never before: 'it has', he said, 'bestowed upon him powers which may be almost called creative; which have enabled him to modify and change the beings surrounding him, and by his experiments to interrogate nature with power, not simply as a scholar, passive and seeking only to understand her operations, but rather as a master, active with his own instruments.' This statement, which Mary Shelley had in mind when she invented Victor Frankenstein, made of the scientist a Romantic, sublime figure - a dominant male who penetrated nature at will. It neatly epitomised the increased cultural authority that science acquired in the years 1770-1837; it also heralded a modern, industrial society that benefited from the technologies and treatments which organised science enabled, yet at the same time degraded the planet. As Davy knew, it was in the Romantic era that scientists pioneered vaccination - the technique that has saved millions from early death and tamed once fatal diseases; it was also in that era that they developed the carbon-burning machines that, in the process of driving the factory, the railway and the steamship, led to today's climate change. This anthology will present cross-sections of the developments that Davy - and Mary Shelley - witnessed and predicted. It aims, that is to say, not only to offer a collection of great discoveries - especially those that impacted literature - but also to reveal some of the ways in which science came to power and how it began to achieve the status, for good and ill, that it possesses today.

Aspects of Judean Life focuses on Elephantine during the fifth century BCE, developing a comprehensive model of Achaemenid Persian imperial governance in Egypt and situating the Judean colony within that framework. It reconsiders the colony at Elephantine not as a band of foreign mercenaries living private lives but as colonial state dependents embedded within Achaemenid systems of land-for-service taxation and imperial administration. Far from isolated, the Judeans emerge as active participants in-and beneficiaries of-the structures of empire.

Part 1 offers a cultural history of Imperial Aramaic scribal practice in the Persian period, drawing on Egyptian and Babylonian evidence alongside Phoenician scribal culture. Part 2 reinterprets the Elephantine Papyri through close philological and historical analysis, resolving long-standing problems concerning ethnic designation, administrative purpose, and community sociology. Part 3 reconstructs the professional networks of Judean temple administrators through analysis of Aramaic ostraca and examines the community's role in systems of production, rationing, and taxation.

By placing Elephantine in dialogue with evidence from the Nile Delta, Babylonia, and other imperial settlements, this study offers a nuanced account of how Persian policies were locally implemented. It will be an indispensable resource for scholars of the ancient Near East, biblical studies, and imperial history.

The emergence of complex writing systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt enabled the creation of vast textual traditions spanning administration, medicine, law, religion, literature, and political life. The preservation and transmission of these materials required highly trained specialists working within courts, temples, and other institutions. In the activities of these specialists-collecting, copying, interpreting, and curating texts-we can observe the earliest foundations of philology, the disciplined engagement with written knowledge that underlies all scholarly traditions.

Drawing on a wide range of primary sources from around 3000 BCE to the first centuries CE, this book offers the first comparative history of philology in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It takes a holistic approach to their written legacies, examining methods, practices, scholarly roles, and institutional settings alongside the material forms of texts themselves. By analyzing written evidence together with objects and material culture, it reconstructs a dynamic repertoire of techniques for composing, studying, interpreting, and transmitting knowledge-procedures that became fundamental principles of philology thereafter.

The Dawn of Philology-originally published in German in 2018 and updated and presented here in English translation-is an important and accessible contribution to the literature on the origins of writing and scholarship. It will be essential for specialists in Assyriology and Egyptology, as well as for readers interested in the history of knowledge and scholarly disciplines.

A dramatic reappraisal and retelling of the destruction of the American Union

To Save Us All from Slavery's Power is a novel assessment of the culmination of the sectional crisis before the Civil War. It is a story of mutual misunderstanding, journalistic mendacity, and irreconcilable visions of the country's future. With threats of disunion and rebellion rising in a thunderous chorus from the South in 1860, how could Republicans not have believed them until it was too late?

As Summers shows, Republicans in 1860 found it difficult to take the disunionist threat seriously because they knew that their party posed no imminent danger to slavery where it existed. But by then Americans were living in different political realities, and white Southerners could not see Republicans as anything less than an existential threat. To Save Us All from Slavery's Power describes in dramatic detail how negative perceptions between the sections festered, and how the antagonism between them reached, and then went past, the breaking point.

This important new reference work reassesses Fascism in the Italian context and its postwar manifestations by analysing its influence across three historical phases, analysing the tensions shaping both the Mussolini regime and the post-fascist far right.

Integrating political history, movement studies, and geopolitics, it charts the ideological and organisational complexity of the Italian far right in parliamentary and extra-parliamentary contexts. Challenging conventional readings of "neofascism," it argues that many post-war formations are better understood through their alignment with U.S.-led Western geopolitical radicalism.

By foregrounding geopolitics as a central fault line, the volume offers new tools for interpreting continuity and change, making it an essential resource for professors and researchers.

Street Noise offers a series of historical and cultural reflections and observations about York City. It presents innovative insights into many day-to-day aspects of New York City that have been ignored or forgotten. Street Noise is a unique mixture of urban studies and cultural theory.

Through a blend of provocative and evocative musings about New York City, the book provides both the sophisticated reader and the casual "tourist" with themes, issues, and topics often overlooked or not adequately considered. It explores interesting destinations not typically on a tourist's "to-do list," and offers a serious and rigorous analysis of important sites and characteristics that make New York New York. A wide range of topics is discussed in a series of short notes in this book, from the origins of Ray's Pizza to the social dynamics of cell phone users. This hybrid text is both a cultural critique and an ode to the city, offering readers a unique perspective on one of the world's most dynamic urban landscapes.

Street Noise will appeal to graduate and undergraduate students interested in cultural and social theory, urban studies, architecture, urban design, and history. Yet it is a book that is readily accessible to both the tourist and the general reader interested in New York City. It would also be a perfect memento and gift.

This book reconstructs the Italian 'land conquest' plans to Italianise the territories conquered after the victory in the First World War: South Tyrol (or Alto Adige, in Italian), Venezia Giulia, Istria).

The volume's focus is on the twenty-year Fascist period, but also shows how such plans originated even earlier and remained present for at least the first decade after the fall of Fascism. It examines two crucial nodes: the conception developed by the Italian side towards the annexed populations after the Great War in terms of nationality, and the reclamation and colonisation plans with Italian farmers, conceived and promoted by nationalists and fascists.

Italian Land: Owning the Soil to Secure the Borders, 1915-1954 will be beneficial to scholars of contemporary history and the history of fascism.

From the cotton boll to the Cotton Bowl in modern American culture

There are few places on earth as thoroughly identified with a crop as the American South is with cotton. Burgundy is known for wine, and Java has coffee. In the South, for most of its history, cotton was king. Through much of the twentieth century, cotton cultivation determined nearly every aspect of life in the region. In Bale After Bale, leading historians and cultural critics offer multifaceted examinations and multimedia approaches to understanding the place of cotton in the twentieth-century South.

The essays in this collection examine the history of the hands that picked and processed cotton, the communities who celebrated cotton, the unions who organized cotton workers, the connections between cotton farmers in the South and banana farmers in Latin America, the portrayal of cotton in Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha County, the poems and songs of the boll weevil, the role of cotton in blues music, the depiction of cotton on the silver screen, and the memories of people displaced by mechanical cotton pickers. As these essays demonstrate, understanding the nature of cotton's persistence into the twentieth century and the decline of the cotton economy are crucial to understanding the contemporary South and today's United States.

Resistance in New England Slavery: Venture's America offers a comprehensive exploration of the diverse methods of resistance employed by enslaved people in New England between 1650 and 1800.

Drawing on an extensive range of archival sources including newspapers, petitions, court records, and enslaved people's narratives, this book explores how enslaved individuals challenged their bondage, and how enslavers and colonial authorities responded, across the colonial and Revolutionary eras. Organized thematically, the book examines key forms of resistance, including violence, running away, freedom suits, manumission, and petitions for abolition. It uniquely examines Native American and African American slavery side by side, demonstrating how Indigenous resistance shaped African American resistance strategies well into the eighteenth century, and further, how resistance shaped the abolition movement.

Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students of slavery, early American history, and the Atlantic world, the volume provides a valuable resource for teaching and research on resistance and abolition.

How New York's elite claimed authority over social welfare in the wake of the Triangle Shirtwaist Tragedy

In American history, few tragedies have been as consequential-and as enduringly misunderstood-as the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911. Long remembered as a turning point in the struggle for labor protections, Fire in the Heart of the City shows how the fire also helped transform another cornerstone of modern American life: the rise of modern charity.

Set in early twentieth-century New York, the book tells the extraordinary story of what happened when a catastrophic fire in Greenwich Village threw Adolph Ochs, the ambitious new publisher of the New York Times, and Rose Schneiderman, a defiant young labor organizer, into a momentous struggle over who should organize the city's response: a rising charity sector led by wealthy financiers and civic elites, or the reform-minded unions and activists of Lower Manhattan.

Drawing on newly released archival documents, interviews with the descendants of Times publisher Adolph Ochs and New York labor organizers, previously confidential reports, and long-overlooked private diaries and correspondence, historian and former journalist David Conrad-Perez offers a striking new account of the disaster and its aftermath. He shows how a handful of charities on the brink of irrelevance were suddenly recast as New York's best answer to the social and economic conditions the fire laid bare-a watershed moment in the rise of modern charity and elite authority over social welfare in the United States.

In the months after the fire, the Times and its philanthropic allies joined forces to popularize the idea that social crises should be managed not by immigrant reformers, labor advocates, or neighborhood coalitions, but by a select class of elite and supposedly "scientific" charitable institutions. In doing so, they elevated a new language of expertise around poverty and public welfare that would leave a lasting mark on American civic life.

A deeply researched and absorbing work of narrative history, Fire in the Heart of the City offers a major reinterpretation of one of the most important urban disasters in American history, revealing how a single catastrophe helped reshape not only the politics of labor, but also the moral and institutional foundations of modern American charity.

The first biography of a neglected but crucial revolutionary figure and fascinating window into his world

Study the American Revolution and you might miss the name Robert Carter Nicholas; study Robert Carter Nicholas and you will see the entire revolution. This is the first biography of the Virginia patriot who served in the House of Burgesses and has gone down in history as an opponent of Patrick Henry-though the reality is more complicated.

In reconstructing Nicholas's life, Brent Tarter recovers late colonial Virginian society in all of its complexity, showing how men and women of the upper classes lived; how they depended on slavery for their wealth and social status; how they were surrounded by enslaved people almost all of the time; how they brought up and educated their children; how the complex international tobacco economy operated; and how the institutions of government functioned.

The life of Robert Carter Nicholas illustrates like few others how a decade of profoundly important challenges and changes culminated in the decision of elite leaders-who at first glance appear to have had nothing to gain and much to lose by risking a revolution-to vote for independence from Great Britain in 1776.

This book presents case studies that analyse the diplomatic uses and functions of robes, furniture, weapons, tools, jewelry, paintings, sculptures, books, food, and other material objects in early modern inter-cultural diplomatic encounters in Europe, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific world.

Readers will gain insights into the material dimensions of early modern diplomacy and the cultural logics and diplomatic rationales of object use in a wide range of regional, political, and imperial contexts spanning the Habsburg Empire, France, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, British and French colonial North America, colonial Mexico, Hawaii, and the South Seas. Transcending the established topic of gift exchanges, the volume aims at an analysis of the overall material settings of early modern diplomatic encounters. With its clear temporal focus on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the source-driven case studies on concrete objects and object groups open multiple paths into the complexities of the early modern era as a formative phase in the history of diplomacy.

The book is intended for historians of the early modern period, particularly diplomatic history, political history, art history, cultural history, religious history, and regional history. It is also relevant for scholars in the field of material culture studies, ethnography, and museology.

The book of Revelation has long fascinated readers with its strange symbols, dramatic visions, and apocalyptic warnings. Yet debates about whether it is fundamentally a Christian or Jewish text obscure the political world that gave rise to it. An Exotic Apocalypse offers a new way of understanding Revelation by situating it within the vibrant and experimental religious culture of Roman Asia Minor.

Daniel Charles Smith argues that the question of Christian versus Jewish origins rests on distinctions that did not exist in the first century. Instead, he shows how the Apocalypse emerged within a broader fascination with "exotic" religious practices in the Roman world-especially those associated with Judea. John of Patmos drew on the allure, mystery, and political charge surrounding Judea to craft a compellingly "exotic" religious vision, one whose power depended on imperial structures that defined which customs seemed foreign, dangerous, or appealing. Blending insights from archaeology, imperial history, and the study of ancient religion, Smith reveals how Revelation's vivid imagery and apocalyptic language arose from a cultural crossroads shaped by empire, identity, and imagination.

An Exotic Apocalypse offers a fresh perspective on one of antiquity's most enigmatic texts and illuminates how communities in the Roman world made meaning from foreign traditions. It will appeal to scholars and students of biblical studies, ancient Judaism and Christianity, and Roman religion, as well as readers interested in how communities made meaning from tradition, identity, and empire.

Tracing the bankruptcies and subsequent financial receiverships of Mediterranean countries, this book examines sovereign debt crises during the classical era of imperialism leading up to the First World War.

Focusing on the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, Tunisia, and Greece, this book aims to highlight the political, diplomatic, and economic history of public debt management and the operation of international financial commissions in countries situated on the semi-periphery of the capitalist world economy. The speculative activities of numerous local and international banks and financiers, the aggressive imperial expansion of the Great Powers, and the reliance of many Mediterranean states on European capital markets - combined with the mismanagement and misadministration of foreign capital inflows - generated severe financial defaults. These crises, in turn, paved the way for European intervention and the establishment of foreign-controlled international administrations in defaulting countries. Within this broader Mediterranean context, embedded in the dynamics of the global financial system, European powers and capitalist elites were able to leverage credit and debt to advance invasive political and financial interventions characteristic of imperialist domination.

This book will be of interest to readers of studies of global capitalism, imperial history, and modern Middle Eastern and European history more broadly.

Peter Thomas was a successful churchman and crusading papal legate of the 14th century who began his career as an impoverished Carmelite friar and ended it as Latin patriarch of Constantinople. The Life of Peter Thomas, a biography written immediately after Peter's death by a devoted friend, Philippe de Mezieres, who is himself an important figure in the history of the crusades, is not only the best source for the life of Peter Thomas, but an extremely valuable source for the history of the crusades, most importantly the attack on Alexandria in 1365 led by King Peter I of Cyprus.

The work also provides a wealth of other insights into the history of the Mediterranean of that period, including inter-faith relations in the Kingdom of Cyprus, the relationship between the Latin and Orthodox churches, and the messy political struggles in Italy and surrounding areas. This translation of Philippe de Mezieres' Life of Peter Thomas makes use of the best modern edition of the text, and as such is the first translation of what is the fullest surviving version of the Life. Additional material written by Philippe de Mezieres has been selected and translated here for the first time to offer further insight into the two men and their activities in service of the crusade.

The translation makes this important text more accessible than ever before for students and others with an interest in the crusades and the Eastern Mediterranean in the later medieval period.