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How fiscal and economic policy choices reflect moral points of view

How much of your hard-earned money is it fair for the state to tax? What public services should the state finance with that money? Surveys show that people care more about fairness than efficiency in fiscal and economic matters, and that they are increasingly anxious about inequalities of income, wealth, and opportunities. It's clear that the choices made by policymakers about who benefits from a given economic policy are also moral choices. In this book, economist Paolo Mauro looks at the interplay between moral perspectives and policy decisions. After analyzing how the role of the state has evolved in response to economic transformations and changing notions of good government, he traces the rising gap between actual practice and what citizens consider to be fair taxation and public service provision policies.

Mauro connects fiscal policy trends to insights from other fields, including ideas from moral philosophy, social science surveys on attitudes toward taxation and public services, and studies of corruption. He offers a concise but compelling overview of philosophy relevant to fiscal issues; considers how people perceive inequalities; traces the moral choices made by states as they develop new policies on taxation and spending; and looks at opportunities and incentives for malfeasance within the system. Building on this, Mauro calls for policymakers to engage with a wider range of moral viewpoints. If we are open to ideas from a variety of disciplines, he argues, we can chart a path for fiscal policies that will help preserve democracy, combat inequality, and promote social cohesion.

An African Approach to Population Ethics offers an important and long-overdue shift away from Western, individualistic models of population ethics, grounding its analysis in Indigenous African communal ethics. The contributors explore a wide range of historical and contemporary issues affecting African population dynamics. They critically examine urgent questions of procreation, resource allocation, and environmental sustainability, from the ethics of climate change to the reinterpretation of traditional fertility proverbs. By prioritizing African voices and experiences, the book establishes a unique and much-needed framework for addressing population challenges with respect for African needs and priorities. It is an essential resource for scholars, policymakers, and all readers focused on Africa's future.

In the years following the Second World War, the main economic goal of countries, and the main standard by which economies were judged, was the performance of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which was defined and measured, following rules created by statisticians and economists who had developed the official national accounts statistics, mostly in the 1930s. The pursuit of the growth of GDP has remained an overwhelming objective for most economists, politicians and international organizations. This book examines several concepts and processes related to economic growth, such as environmental degradation and climate change; income distribution and poverty; a vibrant civil society; and personal happiness and tackles the important question of whether growth itself can create problems that reduce its welfare value to populations.

It weaves together two stories, the first concerns the invention of a statistical index, while the second explores the set of phenomena to which it applies. The author argues that reducing our dedication to economic growth should not be interpreted as stunting the growth of countries' GDPs at their current level, but rather as focusing on paying more attention to the factors that may reduce the social benefits of this growth.

The book addresses an important topic that has recently been an object of study in multiple fields, such as economics, history and ecology. It combines historical, analytical, and policy-oriented approaches into a single study and will attract the attention of scholars, researchers, economists, political scientists, and philosophers, at a time when many traditional policies are being questioned and are under discussion.

Interdisciplinary in scope, the book also explores various issues such as party institutionalization and ideology, women's political leadership and participation, military coups, foreign assistance and the role of the African Union, all in relation to democracy and development. Reflecting on the diversity of the African experiences, the contributors propose that the utility of democracy lies in the extent to which it can deliver political goods to its citizens, and that achieving this requires a reimagining of the state which reincorporates indigenous governance and institutions. Analysing the implications of democratic backsliding, chapters advocate for a thinking state anchored by developmental elites, the establishment of strong and accountable institutions, and a shared value of development.

The Elgar Companion to Democracy and Development in Africa is a crucial resource for scholars and students of politics and public policy, economics and development studies. Policymakers and civil servants will also benefit from its practical insights and future-oriented perspectives.

Welcome to the new era of finance. Welcome to the Intersection.

This straight-talking book from the global team at Money20/20 is your essential guide to the convergence of traditional finance (TradFi) and decentralized finance (DeFi). It shows how digital assets, programmable money, and new regulatory frameworks are reshaping global financial infrastructure.

Inside, you will explore how regulation is unlocking scale across regions, how stablecoins and CBDCs power real time cross border settlement, how tokenization brings real world assets on chain, how digital identity and zero knowledge protect users, and how AI and real time rails transform the operating model of modern finance. The result is an integrated financial system built for speed, transparency, and resilience.

Whether you are a banking executive making real decisions about blockchain, stablecoins, and tokenization, a fintech founder building on both traditional and emerging rails, a regulator shaping the guardrails of the digital economy, or an investor scanning for the next structural shift, The New Intersection of Money gives you the insights, strategic guidance, and operating frameworks to lead with confidence.

Authors adopt an innovative understanding of monetary policy interventions, analysing inflation targeting strategies and the roots of income and wealth inequalities. Evaluating the tension between central banks' independence from political pressure and dependence on the views of financial markets, the book highlights the need for institutions and policies that benefit society as a whole. Ultimately, contributors argue that the purpose of monetary policy is to contribute to the betterment of communities or society, rather than markets or individuals.

Rigorous and insightful, this book is a crucial resource for students and scholars of economics and finance and also politics and public policy. It is prime reading for central bankers and politicians seeking a deeper understanding of the common good and how monetary policy impacts everyone in society.

Drawing on original empirical research, chapters discuss governance structures, processes and the need to integrate diverse perspectives and knowledge in collaborative settings. Central to the book is the CATI Transition Momentum Framework, which is designed to help identify leverage points for accelerating change. Pangbourne combines theory-building with practical applications to foster collaboration, equity and resilience in an era of polycrisis.

Transport Governance for a Future is an essential resource for students and academics in transport studies and human geography, and has important insights for those in economics, politics and public policy, public administration and management and environmental studies. It is also a useful guide for practitioners and policymakers involved in global transport governance.

Leading experts illustrate that Africa's energy landscape is defined by a paradox of abundant renewable resources alongside severe energy poverty, requiring a transition rooted in justice, inclusivity and strategic industrial policy. They argue that, if the continent adopts context-specific policies, attracts equitable financing and strengthens regional cooperation, it could become a potential leader in global energy transition. Assessing diverse case studies, authors advocate for an integrated approach to enable Africa to build a resilient low-carbon future on its own terms, bridging the gap between high-level policy analysis and on-the-ground technical implementation.

Enlightening and incisive, this Handbook is an invaluable tool for academics and students in energy studies, African studies, development economics and environmental policy. Policymakers and government advisors will likewise benefit from its innovative and pragmatic recommendations for the future.

Artificial Intelligence (A) is transforming transportation by enabling intelligent, adaptive, and data-driven mobility systems capable of addressing growing urbanization and sustainability challenges. By leveraging machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and advanced data analytics, AI enhances traffic prediction, autonomous navigation, safety monitoring, and infrastructure management. These technologies allow transportation networks to respond in real time to changing conditions, reduce congestion and emissions, improve road safety, and optimize resource utilization. AI also plays a central role in integrating vehicles, users, and infrastructure into cohesive smart mobility ecosystems. As transportation systems evolve toward automation, connectivity, and sustainability, AI emerges as a foundational enabler for resilient, efficient, and future-ready transportation networks worldwide.

The book offers a comprehensive and forward-looking examination of AI's expanding role in modern transportation. The book spans foundational principles and advanced innovations, beginning with intelligent transportation systems and progressing to specialized areas such as AI-driven driving analytics, smart traffic control, and augmented-reality-based safety navigation. It further explores emerging frontiers including autonomous vehicle intelligence, edge-AI frameworks, 6G-enabled mobility, quantum computing, generative AI for infrastructure design, and robust vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems. By integrating theory, applications, and future trends, the book presents a holistic vision of how AI can build safer, smarter, and more sustainable transportation ecosystems while supporting the broader evolution of smart cities.

This book is designed for researchers, engineers, industry professionals, urban planners, policymakers, and advanced students engaged in transportation, artificial intelligence, and smart city development. It serves as both a practical reference and a visionary guide for those seeking to understand, design, and deploy AI-enabled transportation solutions, while supporting informed decision-making and innovation in global mobility systems.

Evaluating theories, methodologies, performance and practice, the Handbook explains the ideas behind ESG investing and how applications relate to real portfolios. Chapters explore topics including the use of AI and machine learning for measuring ESG performance, the issues surrounding sustainability reporting in global value chains and cognitive biases in ESG investing. Authors highlight the growing need for consistent and transparent data, as differing rating systems and reporting standards make it difficult to compare companies. Ultimately, the Handbook emphasises that ESG investing is becoming an essential part of modern finance but must overcome data and measurement challenges to reach its full potential.

Bridging theory and practice, the Handbook of ESG Investing is a valuable resource for scholars and students of economics, finance and the environment. Its focus on policy and regulatory implications will also benefit policymakers and practitioners in the finance sector.

Chapters present an updated perspective on industrial economics worldwide, shaped by technological change, geopolitical tensions and sustainability imperatives. Contributors highlight the growing importance of ecosystems and collaborative frameworks in driving innovation and competitiveness, assessing international and cross industry case studies that demonstrate diverse policy approaches and institutional conditions. Evaluating the renewed role of industrial policy alongside technological and geopolitical pressures, authors illustrate how these factors shape structural change, modern state interventions and long-term economic development goals. Examining the interplay between economic analysis and policy instruments, this book is a valuable resource for navigating the current and future landscape of industrial economics, emphasising the need for renewed approaches towards a 'just' industrial policy.

A Modern Guide to Industrial Economics will benefit scholars and students of economics, innovation and technology, public policy and international political economy. It is prime reading for policymakers and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of the contemporary factors influencing industry dynamics and long term development.

This book offers a comprehensive synthesis of recent advances in net energy analysis (NEA), bridging gaps in the literature, integrating insights from multiple disciplines, and providing practical tools for future research.

Modern societies are built upon energy and, more precisely, net energy-the energy available after accounting for the energy required to build, operate, and maintain the energy system. NEA provides the science to assess net energy and its implications, often through the concept of energy return on investment (EROI). Over the past five decades, NEA has expanded from early EROI studies into a toolkit spanning process-based accounting, input-output analysis, hybrid methods, and system-wide assessments. This toolkit is increasingly used to evaluate transition pathways, yet the field still lacks a comprehensive synthesis. Net Energy Analysis: The State of the Art brings together leading scholars to clarify the definitions, concepts, metrics, and methods that define contemporary NEA, while also exploring connections with adjacent fields such as evolutionary biology, industrial ecology, and ecological economics. Part I examines different interpretations of NEA, tracing its development from historical foundations to its relevance in financial markets and economics. Part II focuses on converging methodologies, including process-based approaches, input-output analysis, and a taxonomy of net energy metrics. Parts III and IV move into more advanced applications and emerging frontiers, such as system-level EROI estimation and the integration of net energy concepts into integrated assessment models (IAMs), among others.

The book will be a useful resource for students in energy and sustainability, while also offering both new and experienced scholars a concise summary of key debates and the latest cutting-edge contributions relevant to their research.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Spinoza is generally recognized as one of the most important philosophers of the early modern period; less well known are his observations regarding private ethical conduct, social control including state intervention in the market, and public policy including welfare.

This book explores these political economy dimensions of Spinoza's thought setting them in the context of his own wider work and the broader intellectual history landscape. The discussion in the book takes account of Spinoza's relation with his contemporary Thomas Hobbes regarding constitutional matters as well as public policy; compares his stance respecting ethical conduct with that of
Immanuel Kant, who came a century later, and with utilitarianism; and examines the objections to Spinozan doctrine by the seventeenth-century philosopher Pierre Bayle and thereafter by David Hume, and the nineteenth-century critics G.W.F. Hegel and J.S. Mill. More specifically, this book points to a hitherto unnoticed adjustment by Spinoza himself to his contrast between 'substance' and 'mode' thereby weakening the foundations of his philosophical-theological position. It also demonstrates the on-going relevance in civil society of the State of Nature for both Hobbes and Spinoza and underscores a divergence from Kant regarding private ethical conduct. The book also explores Spinoza's position on public policy, with emphasis on working-class welfare, a matter displaying a typically 'mercantilist' stance.

The book will be of great interest to readers of the histories of political economy, philosophy, and political science in particular, and intellectual history more broadly.

Chapters explore current and future sustainable and inclusive well-being, using the Sustainable Human Development paradigm and integral ecology perspective to identify the pillars, driving actors and triggering factors for sustainable transitions. Critiquing the traditional overreliance on GDP as a policy metric, they propose holistic measurement frameworks that capture a comprehensive view of well-being. By exploring frameworks, evidence and policies across Europe and the Global South, the book expands sustainability beyond Eurocentrism and helps foster a consensus across theoretical, technical, policy and public domains to promote sustainable and inclusive well-being at all levels.

Navigating Transitions to Sustainable Human Development is a key resource for students and scholars of development studies, sociology, environmental governance and political economy. Policymakers and NGO practitioners will benefit from its actionable recommendations for more integral development.

Mobility Revolution captures the sweeping transformation redefining how people and goods move. Drawing on decades of experience across Paris, Detroit, and Silicon Valley, Marc Amblard unpacks the forces driving this historic shift, namely the push for clean mobility, volatile regulations, ambitious startups, geopolitics, and the global power shift toward China. He dissects the central role played by technology as electrification, autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, the software defined vehicle, and new modes reshape the entire ecosystem.

Blending insightful technology perspectives with rigorous strategic analyses, this book explores the new products and services, innovative business models and collaborations, and complex supply chains, that will determine the next era in automotive and mobility. Organized around key domains - clean mobility, autonomy, digital transformation, and changing mobility paradigms - the book offers professionals and policymakers a panoramic yet practical view of where mobility is headed.

Mobility Revolution is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand and anticipate the future of transportation.

Port cities of the world are critical nodes for international trade and socio-economic development. Yet they bear several costs, including congestion and pollution, which affect the local environment and population. In certain places, living near the port -together with related industrial and logistical activities -is a synonym of adverse health outcomes, resulting in several diseases and above-average unplanned hospital admissions and mortality. Decades of port-city physical separation have not eliminated such issues, since deep-water facilities, even outside urban cores, impact local populations and reach port and non-port cities through extensive trucking flows. Specific traffic, like cruise, keeps operating within dense urban environments.

This book is one of the first dedicated volumes on such matters, with contributions from scholars on several continents (Europe, Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania). It is highly interdisciplinary, covering geography, history, economics, management sciences, regional science, sociology, public and comparative law, physics, energy and industrial engineering, urban and spatial planning, epidemiology, architecture, biology, and environmental sciences. This volume offers an overview of current environmental and health issues in port cities. It starts by presenting the mitigation and perception of port pollution. Next, it examines the health impacts of ports from a historical perspective and reviews and synthesizes the variety of existing approaches to measure the health impacts of ports and shipping. Finally, it proposes a reflection on multilevel governance and policies.

This book is a comprehensive resource for a wide readership, including academics and upper-level students interested in maritime transport, port management, and sustainability, as well as those in public management, planning, and governance.

Maritime transport is a key factor in the globalisation process where port cities play an essential role as edges of economic, technological, cultural, and institutional diffusion. Global supply chains depend on a complex network of port cities and are thus representative elements of economic structural shifts at national and regional levels.

This book explores the role of port cities as global actors since the end of the Second World War. It focuses on the morphological evolution of port cities, their economic functions, and cultural heritages. This volume incorporates case studies from regions around the world and analyses the differences and common features related to the global integration process. This edited collection offers a range of methodological approaches prepared by academics specialised in geography, history, economics, and urban planning.

Port Cities and Globalisation will be directly relevant to a wide variety of scholars and postgraduate researchers in the fields of transport studies and management, maritime logistics, port economics, as well as urban planning, regional development, and human geography.

Cutting-Edge Agri-Technologies for Next-Generation Farming explores how emerging innovations such as nanotechnology, genome editing, artificial intelligence, precision agriculture, and smart sensing systems are reshaping modern food production. Bringing together insights from leading global experts, this volume presents interdisciplinary perspectives on improving crop productivity, enhancing resource-use efficiency, and strengthening resilience to climate change. It offers a holistic roadmap for developing sustainable, technology-driven farming systems that balance economic viability with environmental stewardship. Designed for researchers, policymakers, students, and industry professionals, this book serves as a comprehensive reference for advancing the future of agriculture through science-based innovation.

Chapters systematically compare and contrast regional economic development schemes across Europe and North America, focusing on 'civic capital': the networks, collaborative organizations and entrepreneurial leaders that help regions identify their unique strengths and chart new economic paths. The book emphasizes how effective local governance, strong universities and place-based development policies enable cities and regions to adapt to disruption and build innovative economies. Wolfe highlights the importance of local collaboration and institution-building for inclusive economic development that can benefit all cities and regions.

Scholars and students of economic geography, regional development and innovation studies will benefit from this book's in-depth and expansive approach. It is also a crucial resource for academics and practitioners of governance theories and industrial policy.

Leading experts assess a variety of 'culprits' behind the financialization of housing, evaluating the role of institutions, social movements, grass roots initiatives and broader economic contexts. They advocate for an integrated method of analyzing these entry points and argue that stages of financialization must be understood as multi-level processes. Drawing on critical political economy and post-Keynesian economics, the book ultimately calls for a wider understanding of capitalist dynamics in order to synthesize various strategies for resisting financialization.

Resisting the Financialization of Housing is an essential resource for scholars and students of sociology, social policy, public policy, inequalities and sustainable development. Government policymakers and financial regulators will also benefit from its actionable recommendations.

Capitalism, Climate Change, and the Food System in Latin America illustrates the relationship between climate change politics and food systems through a critical international political economy perspective. Economic globalization has changed our daily habits. Specifically, it has significantly influenced our food and dietary habits. In other words, there is a predominance of economic rationality in our daily activities, including eating. This characteristic contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

This book shows that food is not just about farming or markets. It is also about politics and power. It argues that understanding the political economy of food is key to understanding the relationship between the food system and climate politics. Moreover, the book explains that food policies often look technical, but they reflect choices about who wins and who loses, and they can hide the real complexity of food systems.It considers the political drivers of dietary habits and policies related to the food sector (that contribute to an increase in GHG emissions), and the interrelation between economic growth, capital accumulation, and the cultural meanings of daily practices (e.g. eating and cooking) that connect food production and GHG emissions. By applying the Gramscian concept of hegemony through consent, the book shows how economic rationality contributes to increased GHG emissions in Latin America. The book proposes a new way of conceptualizing world hegemony by moving away from mainstream conceptions that view hegemony as exercised through material power. Furthermore, it discusses climate change politics and shows how it is not only about processes of governance and rule-making, or about power relations, but also about our daily life activities. It argues that power grows not only through relations between states, but also through alliances among social classes, including a transnational capitalist class. Across the chapters, the book shows how economic actors gain consent and expand influence by shaping food policies and food habits. This happens, for example, when policies prioritize certain products and supply chains, promote products linked to market interests, and encourage consumption of new foods in Latin America, including more processed foods.

Capitalism, Climate Change, and the Food System in Latin America will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental politics, international relations, human geography, food studies, and Latin America, as well as to policymakers in the fields of environmental, economic, and food policy.

Providing multidisciplinary insights and analysis of decarbonisation within complex landscapes, the contributing authors discuss case studies in non-urban geographies across Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America, and the Arctic. The book argues that, although rural and remote areas will host significant decarbonisation activities and infrastructure, regulation and policy often overlooks their unique opportunities and challenges for energy transformations. Chapters propose critical recommendations for policy and regulatory reform, acknowledging the distinct characteristics of these frontier areas and advocating for their increased participation. The book explores new research agendas informed by socio-legal and policy perspectives to ensure stakeholders in these regions receive sustained and enduring benefits.

Combining contributions from an impressive range of leading geographically diverse scholars, this book is an essential resource for researchers and students of environmental law, energy policy, development studies and sustainable development. Practitioners of energy law and energy transitions will likewise benefit from its pragmatic policy recommendations.