労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

Chapters are organized into three strongly thematic parts: revisiting theoretical innovations by the Cambridge School, offering new conceptual insights on growth, distribution and employment, and providing empirical analyses using advanced econometric methods. Leading experts discuss the relationship between distribution and growth, exploring key themes such as migration, the employment impact of Covid-19 and prestige clubs. The book further examines policy implications and outlines potential solutions to pressing economic challenges.

Students and scholars of development economics, post-Keynesian economics and political economy will greatly benefit from this innovative book. It is also a crucial resource for practitioners and policymakers in the field of economic development.

Expert authors comparatively analyse the findings from focus group interviews with over 300 participants in the six countries. The participants came from a variety of backgrounds, including lone parent families, those with heavy care-related demands and those with an immigrant background. The book studies the resilience of families in a variety of low-income situations, identifying how they cope with family and employment transitions and risks and discussing the crucial linkages between care, paid work and income. Ultimately, it critiques welfare state provision from the perspective of family resilience and advocates for policy and practical reform in relation to childcare, labour market, and income and service support.

Students and scholars of social policy, comparative welfare studies and sociology will greatly benefit from this cutting-edge book. It is also a vital resource for policymakers and practitioners working in social and labour policy.

Werner Eichhorst provides a fresh view on the conditions of employment and working environments, investigating the evolution of paid work and mapping out ways it may develop in the future, considering what more liveable and productive working habitats for individuals could look like. He takes a comparative perspective on job quality and quantity and labour market institutions across Europe, offering a particular focus on the Rhenish countries. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, he brings together insights from the fields of economics, sociology, political economy and psychology, alongside everyday observations to discuss the key mechanisms behind paid work. This book also demonstrates the important contribution of individuals, public policies, and firm-level HR management to encourage productive and sustainable working environments.

Students and scholars of labour policy and economics, the sociology of work and organisations and political economy will greatly benefit from this incisive book. This accessible book also provides thought-provoking impulses to anyone concerned with the future of work and the individual situation at work.

A pathbreaking study of why, paradoxically, workforce specialization and job responsibilities have increased hand in hand.

In the United States and other late-industrial countries, the division of labor has changed radically over the last 150 years. This comes as no surprise: the nature of work has been transformed by new technologies, new discoveries, and new challenges. While the fact of change was predictable, the type of change is not at all as theorists envisioned.

For all their differences, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber each presumed that specialized workers would perform a narrower range of tasks. The early history of the industrial age supported this view. As the assembly line overtook the workshop, the artisan who constructed every part of a useful object was replaced with workers who handled a single piece of the work process. The Division of Rationalized Labor demonstrates that-although early industrialization may have operated as Smith, Marx, and their colleagues surmised-in late industrialization we are witnessing something quite different: specialization in many occupations has actually led to workers taking on an increasingly wide range of responsibilities.

Marshaling rich historical and statistical data, Michelle Jackson shows how this paradox of specialization emerges today in education, law enforcement, medicine, and manufacturing. Jackson argues that the development of probabilistic science provided the foundation for growing job complexity. As researchers learned which levers to pull in order to maximize productivity in a given industry, they created new tasks for the workers who specialized in producing industry outputs. As researchers developed the capacity to predict bad outcomes-criminality, low test scores, poor health-they left police, teachers, doctors, and nurses responsible for increasingly complicated preventive work. Analogous situations arise throughout the labor force, ensuring that workers across the occupational structure are overworked and overwhelmed.

Reich examines the effects of minimum wages on pay and employment among the two groups most affected by the policies - restaurant workers and teens - as well as investigating their impact on the lowest-wage areas of the US. He outlines how minimum wages influence parental labor supply, racial inequality, the health of low wage workers and government spending on food stamps and Medicaid. The book further reflects on the extension of pay standards to gig drivers, who are not typically covered by minimum wage laws as independent contractors. It concludes by demonstrating how minimum wages can be absorbed by increasing the supply of workers to low-wage employers, reducing the costs of recruiting and retaining workers and introducing modest price increases, rather than reducing employment.

The Unexpected Economics of Minimum Wages is a crucial resource for students, scholars and practitioners of labor economics. Thorough and detailed, it is also key for policymakers and advocates who are working to raise low pay and reduce inequality.

In the last decade, public sector unions have encountered threats in the form of privatization of public services and the retrenchment of collective bargaining rights, as well as opportunities in increasing labor union popularity and activity. Retaining the structure that made the previous editions so popular, Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Sixth Edition has been completely revised to explore the most recent trends in membership figures, new legislation, court decisions, executive orders, and new politics as they influence bargaining rights. Updates include:

• Thorough examination and analysis of contemporary public sector labor relations and collective bargaining
• Careful exploration of important recent changes in the public labor relations and unionization landscape
• Complete analysis of financial and human resource outcomes of recent collective bargaining in the public sector
• Detailed investigation of collective bargaining institutions and processes in government

In keeping with prior editions, the sixth edition addresses collective bargaining and labor relations at all levels of government, with comparisons to the private and nonprofit sectors. Designed to be classroom-friendly, this text includes discussions of the most recent literature and case studies, as well as end-of-chapter assignments. Labor Relations in the Public Sector speaks to multiple audiences including academics, students, and practitioners, and practical tips and advice are offered for those engaged in collective bargaining and labor relations. It is vital reading for undergraduate and graduate students in fields including public administration, public policy, political science, and labor studies. This book is also relevant to scholars of comparative policy, politics, and labor.

This book investigates the return of workers' self-management in recent decades as responses to recurring neoliberal crises. In particular, the book homes in on worker-recuperated enterprises (WREs), a promising form of workers' self-organization whereby workers restart troubled, bankrupt, or shuttered companies as cooperatives or other forms of democratic workplace.

The book argues that WREs are prefigurative of new forms of work based on equality and sustainability. Framed by the concepts of autogestion, the labour commons, and prefigurative ethico-political practices, the book argues that WREs contribute to the construction of more directly democratic community economies. Drawing on a range of contemporary case studies from numerous countries in the Global South and North, as well as new theories of workers' self-management, the book contributes a critical development, political economic, and class-struggle Marxist perspective to the re-emergent labour question within anti-systemic social movements, while theorizing the transformative nature of WREs for workers, work organizations, and communities.

Bringing a class-analysis back into current discourses and debates concerning democracy at work and alternatives to global capital, this book will be of interest to researchers across the fields of development studies, labour studies, political economy, sociology of development, sociology of work, and political science.

The authors are proud sponsors of the 2020 SAGE Keith Roberts Teaching Innovations Award-enabling graduate students and early career faculty to attend the annual ASA pre-conference teaching and learning workshop.

Employability has become an increasingly widespread concept both in management and policy, but its meaning remains somewhat enigmatic and ambiguous. This volume offers a much-needed critical analysis of the ideology, practices, and policies of employability, reflecting significant transformations in the world of work and the individualizing experience of contemporary labour markets. This volume draws on a wide range of empirical studies to examine how discourses of employability have impacted both individuals and institutions.

Employability is often framed as an attribute of a person whereby individuals are lauded as "employable" or dismissed as "unemployable." This language and logic of employability has spawned all kinds of myopic supply-side labour market policies coinciding with and giving fuel to neoliberal emphases on individual responsibility and commodification. The chapters in this volume employ diverse theoretical perspectives on the impact of employability across different empirical settings, including higher education, vocational training, and state policymaking, in the UK, US, Australia, Germany, and Brazil.

Arguing that employability has an elusive character that renders it in dire need of sustained, critical analysis, Employability provides a much-needed framework for thinking about the enigma of employability and for critically reappraising its consequences.

Late Working Life in Four European Countries sheds new light on the role of life course factors on circumstances in late working life, including the impact of exclusion and inequalities on opportunities to prolong employment.

Focusing on Germany, Poland, Sweden and the UK, it distils the key findings from each country, delivering an up-to-date comparative analysis of the policies in the four contrasting countries. Enabling the development of best practice recommendations in relation to Extended Working Lives (EWLs) to inform policy discussions and developments and taking a life course approach to considering EWLs, chapters argue there is a tendency for policies to be too simplistic and cross-sectional, failing to sufficiently engage with the need to develop a systematic long-term life course focused approach to policy design. While the general impact of EWL policies on labour force participation among older workers has been explored, limited attention has been paid to the heterogeneous nature of this demographic group and the implications of their diverse life course experiences. Providing national case studies regarding EWLs policies and inequalities therein, these examples expose hidden inequalities among older workers and how these can be addressed.

Demonstrating the need to look beyond notions of late working lives in isolation and to explore the impact of longer-term life course orientated experiences, this collection addresses a major gap in the academic literature in social policy, employment, and ageing.

Capitalism's crisis is planetary. It is a system upending nature and society, causing many to live and work in despair. So far, the left has been incapable of inspiring an effective challenge to it. In Worker Cooperatives and Deep Democracy, Vishwas Satgar and Michelle Williams map a new transformative politics arising from inspiring worker cooperative systems that advance planetary care from below and which have the potential to undermine the capitalist status quo.

Based on over a decade of research across 15 countries, the authors examine case studies that explore transformative approaches to social reproduction, public power, nature and territorial expansion in opposition to global hegemonic power.

They also uncover the power of solidarities engendering emancipatory, utopian imaginaries in the global north and south. They show how, against all the odds, people are experimenting with deep democracy and building systems of care to live differently and exit the planetary crisis.

Provides a global perspective on labor and technology, exploring resistance, solidarity, and alternatives in digital capitalism

The Handbook of Digital Labor critically examines how digital technologies are reshaping work and employment around the globe. Bridging historical and contemporary perspectives, this timely volume explores the dynamics of labor within digital capitalism using a critical framework that illuminates the systemic challenges faced by workers across diverse sectors. Dozens of contributing authors address key challenges including surveillance, inequality, and environmental exploitation, while highlighting innovative forms of resistance and organizing.

Organized into four sections-Working-Class Resistance, Digital Capitalism and Alternatives, Laboring under Digital Capitalism, and Theorizing Digital Labor-the Handbook offers a nuanced understanding of how workers navigate the intersection of technological advancement and capitalist development. In-depth chapters cover topics ranging from platform work to AI-driven labor processes-shedding light on the realities of digital labor.

Equipping readers with the tools to critically engage with labor struggles across diverse industries and geographies, the Handbook of Digital Labor:

• Offers interdisciplinary insights from leading scholars in media, communication, labor studies, political economy, as well as unionists, activists, and other on-the-ground practitioners
• Presents both historical and contemporary analyses of labor conditions under digital capitalism
• Advocates for actionable strategies to empower labor movements and build equitable and sustainable alternatives
• Features real-world case studies of worker resistance and solidarity across platforms and industries

Emphasizing both theory and praxis, the Handbook of Digital Labor is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, junior faculty, and researchers in media studies, labor sociology, and public policy. It is a vital resource for courses on digital labor, political economy, and social change within communications and technology programs. Labor organizers, policymakers, and industry professionals will find it an indispensable guide to navigating the complexities of work in the digital age.

Growing up and older at work is something we all experience, yet it remains surprisingly overlooked and under theorized in management and organization studies.

In this groundbreaking book, Kathleen Riach draws on a 10 year longitudinal study to offer fresh theoretical and empirical insights into how ageing is experienced in the workplace.

Introducing a new phenomenological theory of ageing at work, the book examines how individuals negotiate age-biased workplace cultures and adapt to their changing bodies within the context of financial capitalism. It reveals that ageing at work is not simply about demographic change or ageist stereotypes, but is an ongoing process that involves balancing professional expectations, the life course, and the self.

Safety and health concerns in workplaces across the globe continue to be of concern for leaders as they seek to discover novel ways to provide a workplace that preserves the health and safety of workers. To achieve world-class health and safety in any organization, the health and safety of workers must be integrated with technological innovations that monitor, track, and provide feedback on worker performance and safety. These innovations are expected to be comfortable, smart, and even fashionable to achieve increased compliance.

Workplace Safety and Health Practices investigates the current and future trends that are leading the way and improving workplace health and safety all over the world. Organized into four parts to provide ease of reading this book focuses on program administration and management engagement and considerations of human aspects for safe and inclusive workplaces. It looks into the identification, mitigation, and control of hazards found at work and the program challenges that are faced along with the development and implementation of improvement measures. The authors provide considerations for novel ways of taking the protection of workers to a higher level considering the evolving definition of the workplace and locations where work takes place. With case studies backing up the theories, the reader will develop a thorough and complex overview of what is working in global workplaces to deliver top-quality health and safety.

This book will be a fascinating read for any health and safety professional. Its appeal will extend to industrial hygiene professionals, system engineers, construction engineers, and ergonomics and human factors practitioners.

The Future of Labour: How AI, Technological Disruption and Practice Will Change the Way We Work is an anthology that offers a forward-looking exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI), digitalisation and technological transformation are reshaping the future of work. Through a series of studies conducted by scientists and industry professionals, this volume takes a deep dive into many of the issues related to new policies, AI and the digital transformation's anticipated impact on the labour market. Balancing speculative foresight with scientific rigor, the authors ground their discussions in empirical data, theoretical frameworks, and comprehensive literature studies.

The book delves into the evolving labour landscape through three key themes:

• The Future of Society and Economy - Examining the socio-economic implications of emerging technologies and their transformative impact on work.
• The Future Way of Working - Investigating how AI and digital tools are redefining the nature of work and workplace conditions.
• New Uses of AI and Technology in Labour - Highlighting innovative applications of AI and technology that are reshaping job roles and industries.

Each chapter provides unique insights, blending rigorous analysis with predictive insights, to illuminate the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly technologically advancing labour landscape.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

The employment landscape is evolving rapidly, driven by technological innovations, shifting employer practices, and new government policies that redefine where and how work is performed. However, these transformations have not been universally beneficial. Future research is required to explore the potential disproportionate impact they might have on marginalized populations already excluded from the labor market.

People with disabilities are one group who continue to have a low employment rate in the United States (U.S). They are also more likely than those without disabilities to work part-time or in precarious jobs with less job security, lower pay and benefits, and minimal worker protections. This volume of Research in Social Science and Disability brings together leading research that examines how systemic policies and practices, pandemic-driven transformations, and strategies for diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) continue to shape the employment landscape for workers with disabilities.

Disability and the Future of Work explores changing workplace dynamics and proposes strategies for fostering an inclusive and equitable future of work for people with disabilities.

This book expands understandings of how skills are defined, acquired, and utilized in Global South contexts. 'Skills' and 'skill development' are increasingly prominent focal points for governments in the Global South and international development bodies. Yet, policymakers and practitioners promoting skill development often overlook the everyday realities of how skills are learned and acquired, and how they are deployed and valued by individuals and communities. Frequently, they ignore the social and institutional barriers that prevent people from using their skills in meaningful or remunerative ways.

By focusing on the 'the social life of skills', the chapters in this volume invite a broader conceptualization of skills, their development, and their application in Global South contexts. They explore four main areas of theorization and practice:

1. The social and political processes by which certain types of work - and people - are labeled as 'skilled' or 'unskilled.'

2. The different ways people acquire skills: formal, informal, and nonformal.

3. The political economy of skills and skill development and their imbrication in forms of exploitation and intersecting inequalities.

4. The role of skills in the expression of aspirations, identities, and agency.

This book will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of development studies, sociology, anthropology, education, and labor studies, particularly those focusing on the Global South. It will also appeal to policymakers, practitioners, and development organizations working on skill development and vocational training.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly.

Grounded on an analysis of informalized labour in the urban economy of Dar es Salaam, Processes of Economic Informalization explores the conceptual politics involved in the political construction of the informal economy - diverse economic activities that are not regulated or protected by the state, now estimated to make up more than sixty per cent of all employment worldwide.
The author draws attention to the dynamic political, legal, and social processes shaping the formal-informal boundary. Fundamentally, the book argues that 'informal economy' presents a normative and essentially contested concept which is implicated into reconfigurations of legal institutions, labour organization and struggle, and practices of state governance. Based on interviews, ethnographic notes, and a review of policy documents and current academic literature, it illustrates how competing conceptions of the informal economy serve to normalize and justify but also contest specific forms of capitalist accumulation processes and social order. Highlighting the thorny role conceptions of the informal economy play in its construction as well as in its governance, the book makes a timely intervention that challenges conventional positions in the debate on the appropriate regulation of informalized labour.
This book will be of interest to students and scholars of global political economy, international relations, labour studies, and development studies.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.