労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

Migrant workers in the West are at the frontline of the precarious condition that is coming to dominate social and economic life in neoliberal societies. Yet despite the highly insecure and exploitative working conditions they routinely face, labour mobilizations by precarious workers are rare.

In this immersive portrait of the daily realities of precarious migrant labour, Panos Theodoropoulos found work in Glasgow's warehouses, factories and kitchens to uncover the ways that precarity is lived and contested. Connecting the realms of structure, subjectivity and culture, his analysis shows that precarity not only dictates workers' labour conditions, but socializes them in an individualist, survival-oriented struggle that erodes solidarities and enforces its own neoliberal logic. Crucially, however, precarity and the wider neoliberal culture are unable to erase workers' material awareness and experience of class injustice. This points to the possibility of forging strong connections and methods of resistance, firmly grounded in the lives and communities of precarious workers.

Grounded on an analysis of informalized labour in the urban economy of Dar es Salaam, Processes of Economic Informalization explores the conceptual politics involved in the political construction of the informal economy - diverse economic activities that are not regulated or protected by the state, now estimated to make up more than sixty per cent of all employment worldwide.
The author draws attention to the dynamic political, legal, and social processes shaping the formal-informal boundary. Fundamentally, the book argues that 'informal economy' presents a normative and essentially contested concept which is implicated into reconfigurations of legal institutions, labour organization and struggle, and practices of state governance. Based on interviews, ethnographic notes, and a review of policy documents and current academic literature, it illustrates how competing conceptions of the informal economy serve to normalize and justify but also contest specific forms of capitalist accumulation processes and social order. Highlighting the thorny role conceptions of the informal economy play in its construction as well as in its governance, the book makes a timely intervention that challenges conventional positions in the debate on the appropriate regulation of informalized labour.
This book will be of interest to students and scholars of global political economy, international relations, labour studies, and development studies.
The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

The Future of Labour: How AI, Technological Disruption and Practice Will Change the Way We Work is an anthology that offers a forward-looking exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI), digitalisation and technological transformation are reshaping the future of work. Through a series of studies conducted by scientists and industry professionals, this volume takes a deep dive into many of the issues related to new policies, AI and the digital transformation's anticipated impact on the labour market. Balancing speculative foresight with scientific rigor, the authors ground their discussions in empirical data, theoretical frameworks, and comprehensive literature studies.

The book delves into the evolving labour landscape through three key themes:

• The Future of Society and Economy - Examining the socio-economic implications of emerging technologies and their transformative impact on work.
• The Future Way of Working - Investigating how AI and digital tools are redefining the nature of work and workplace conditions.
• New Uses of AI and Technology in Labour - Highlighting innovative applications of AI and technology that are reshaping job roles and industries.

Each chapter provides unique insights, blending rigorous analysis with predictive insights, to illuminate the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly technologically advancing labour landscape.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 International license.

Safety and health concerns in workplaces across the globe continue to be of concern for leaders as they seek to discover novel ways to provide a workplace that preserves the health and safety of workers. To achieve world-class health and safety in any organization, the health and safety of workers must be integrated with technological innovations that monitor, track, and provide feedback on worker performance and safety. These innovations are expected to be comfortable, smart, and even fashionable to achieve increased compliance.

Workplace Safety and Health Practices investigates the current and future trends that are leading the way and improving workplace health and safety all over the world. Organized into four parts to provide ease of reading this book focuses on program administration and management engagement and considerations of human aspects for safe and inclusive workplaces. It looks into the identification, mitigation, and control of hazards found at work and the program challenges that are faced along with the development and implementation of improvement measures. The authors provide considerations for novel ways of taking the protection of workers to a higher level considering the evolving definition of the workplace and locations where work takes place. With case studies backing up the theories, the reader will develop a thorough and complex overview of what is working in global workplaces to deliver top-quality health and safety.

This book will be a fascinating read for any health and safety professional. Its appeal will extend to industrial hygiene professionals, system engineers, construction engineers, and ergonomics and human factors practitioners.

This book expands understandings of how skills are defined, acquired, and utilized in Global South contexts. 'Skills' and 'skill development' are increasingly prominent focal points for governments in the Global South and international development bodies. Yet, policymakers and practitioners promoting skill development often overlook the everyday realities of how skills are learned and acquired, and how they are deployed and valued by individuals and communities. Frequently, they ignore the social and institutional barriers that prevent people from using their skills in meaningful or remunerative ways.

By focusing on the 'the social life of skills', the chapters in this volume invite a broader conceptualization of skills, their development, and their application in Global South contexts. They explore four main areas of theorization and practice:

1. The social and political processes by which certain types of work - and people - are labeled as 'skilled' or 'unskilled.'

2. The different ways people acquire skills: formal, informal, and nonformal.

3. The political economy of skills and skill development and their imbrication in forms of exploitation and intersecting inequalities.

4. The role of skills in the expression of aspirations, identities, and agency.

This book will appeal to students and researchers in the fields of development studies, sociology, anthropology, education, and labor studies, particularly those focusing on the Global South. It will also appeal to policymakers, practitioners, and development organizations working on skill development and vocational training.

The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly.

This lively economics textbook uniquely offers a comprehensive exploration of economic issues related to women, covering topics from marriage and family dynamics to work and pay. It goes beyond the basics to include up-to-date empirical research and pressing policy discussions, making it an essential read for those interested in the economic dimensions of gender.

Using contemporary economic theory, the authors analyze various aspects of women's lives, diving into labor economics, family economics, fertility, and gender inequality. Designed for students in advanced undergraduate courses, this book assumes a basic knowledge of economics, providing an accessible yet authoritative resource for those ready to engage with these critical issues.

New to this edition:
New co-author, Laura Argys, brings fresh perspectives and research experience in economics ad economic demography
Enhanced discussion of intersectionality
More coverage of the childcare market
Greater reference to LGBTQ issues
An integrated approach to racial issues
Increased comparative analysis between women in US and women in other industrialized economies
New end-of-chapter exercises/problem questions
New research findings and relevant emerging policy issues integrated in each chapter

This book focuses on gig work and organising among gig workers in the Indonesian online transport service, situated within the context of widespread precaritisation and digitalisation in today's world of work. It addresses the challenges experienced by precarious gig workers in Indonesia in articulating their struggles through the discourse of precarity. Such challenges are related to the reproduction of neoliberal-derived entrepreneurial aspirations amidst the historical relative absence of stable work patterns (previously associated with more advanced economies), and the historically rooted marginalisation of broad-based labour movements as a social force. Though showcasing the specific experiences of Indonesian workers, the analysis in this book is supplemented by broad comparative insights. It offers empirically based analysis for those interested in new forms of collective organisations and politics that emerge among workers under the imperatives of neoliberalism in Indonesia, and by extension Southeast Asia.

This book explores the dynamics and challenges of building an industrial workforce and industrialisation in Africa. It highlights the potential for economic growth within the manufacturing sector and how industrialisation can provide employment, build industrial workforce and facilitate labour market opportunities. Government policies and the role of local and regional governments are analysed to examine why certain industrial parks perform better than others. With particular details drawn from Ethiopia's apparel and textile industry, the historical relationship between capitalist development and the labour force is explored to show tensions between maximising profits and ensuring labour rights and better wages. Building an industrial workforce necessitates effective government policies, firm strategies, industrial ecosystems, and productive dialogue and collective learning between government and firms.

In recent years, the 'knowledge economy' has re-entered political discourse as a future-oriented, seductive and optimistic concept. It heralds knowledge and intellectual capability as unlimited and mobile resources of production that can be used for the prosperity of all. Knowledge economy has been linked with the promise of fairness, free from the traditional factors of production, with education as the only prerequisite. This interdisciplinary volume examines the career paths of university graduates, the role of higher education and the internal hierarchies shaping employment in the knowledge economy.

The promise of fairness and social inclusivity has not yet played out. Despite increasing numbers of degree holders, the advancements of AI and other technologies is now expected to bring a 'knowledge substitution' rather than a human-centred knowledge economy. This book raises questions about the kind of jobs being made available, their social and political implications and how the main sociological themes of gender, class, education, ethnicity, age and location play a role. It will be of great interest to scholars and students of work and employment, higher education, youth studies and knowledge management.

Liu explores the experiences of Yi migrant workers in Shenzhen, China, investigating how their cultural heritage influences their search for identity and a sense of belonging. This book uncovers the intricate relationship between heritage and homemaking, examining how Yi migrants engage in their cultural practices within various settings such as families, workplaces, restaurants, tourist sites, and social media platforms.

Through thorough fieldwork and interviews, the book demonstrates how ethnic heritage acts as a means for migrants to establish a feeling of connection during their migration journeys. Nevertheless, challenges and tensions emerge in the realm of home, illustrating the dynamic interplay between heritage and the construction of a sense of place. It also enriches our comprehension of the link between cultural heritage and the experiences of migrants, shedding light on the complexities of identity development in a globalised world.

A valuable resource for scholars and researchers in disciplines like anthropology, migration studies, cultural studies, and Chinese studies, as well as professionals and policymakers interested in migrant integration, cultural heritage preservation, and urban development.

The Inroduction of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Sergio Lemus explores the lives of these migrants and looks at the struggles they face as they work to make the city their home. Drawing on fieldwork in South Chicago, Lemus tells the stories of first and second-generation yarderos and discusses the historical, economic, cultural, and political ramifications they face as they acquire their working-class identity. Lemus's compassionate portrait places them within America's ongoing tradition as a nation of immigrants while analyzing their place within today's transborder cultural moment.

Perceptive and humane, Los Yarderos reveals how a group of Mexican immigrants navigates the crossings of the borders that divide class, color hierarchies, gender, and belonging.

Empowering, customizable, and backed by organizational research, this book introduces the PROACTIVE work design model and diagnostic tool to help organizations create optimal conditions for proactivity at work to flourish.

The pressures and expectations of 21st-century life have led to short-term, reactive behavior in the workplace, however, long-term business success relies on proactive behavior, which is self-directed, future-focused, and change-orientated. But proactivity does not occur in a vacuum - it is a complex, social process heavily affected by contextual and situational factors. With its distinct and flexible design model, this book solves the problem of 'how' to create the optimal conditions for proactivity at work to flourish, and to drive sustainability and competitive advantage. And its diagnostic feature recognizes that readers are time-pressured and may already be doing some things well within their organizations, so it offers a solution to their problems without having to read the entire book before they can start making a difference. Uniquely, this book recognizes how important it is for leaders to shape the work environment and to be a positive role model to stimulate employee proactive behavior.

Intended as a practical resource, this book provides a range of evidence-based tools and techniques and includes insightful case studies that will be useful for leaders, managers, HR professionals, OD practitioners, and consultants who want to drive proactive behaviors within their organizations.

This book examines how caseworkers are governed in today's street-level bureaucracies. It redefines our understanding of public sector governance by highlighting the subtle, informal, and everyday forms of organizational governance that shape caseworkers' subjectivities beyond formal policies and professional identities. Based on four distinct types of normative governance - 'governance by discourse', 'governance by emotions', 'governance by peers', and 'governance by numbers, colours, and symbols', the book shows how caseworkers are shaped as organizational staff members alongside their roles as welfare professionals and welfare state bureaucrats.

Governing Street-Level Bureaucracies will be of interest to scholars and students in organizational sociology, street-level bureaucracy research, public administration, and critical management studies. It also provides valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to understand caseworkers' responses to public governance and public sector reforms.

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

How migrant workers in contemporary India strive toward, and at times realize, elements of a good life
The economic development process in India is one that has induced new difficulties and hardships into the lives of poor and working people despite its alleged achievements. In villages, farming families confront an agrarian crisis, with rising costs of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides; low prices for crops in the face of grave indebtedness; and ecological damage to the soil, water, and forests. Due to the scarcity of jobs, many migrate to cities for work. Once in the city, migrants take on and must contend with low-paid, insecure, and hazardous work. And in urban neighborhoods, they deal with congested living conditions; poor qualities of air, water, and sanitation; and separation from their families in the village.
Souls in the Kalyug introduces readers to migrant workers who are confronting myriad hardships and asks how it is that these workers create lives that can become less injurious than their circumstances might suggest. Anthropologist Shankar Ramaswami proposes a three-part answer. In a metal factory in Delhi, migrant workers engage in resistance and collective struggle against perceived oppression and injustice. In the city and village, they weave connections to one another, building friendships in empathetic closeness and fellowship. In the metaphysical realm, they attempt to resist soul-distorting processes in our present, decivilizing times, or the Kalyug. Through these activities, migrant workers strive toward, and at times realize, elements of a good life.
Souls in the Kalyug ultimately presents a nuanced and intimate portrait of migrant workers through a complex study of entanglement and noncooperation in workers' worlds, and in its analysis of workers' politics, within and outside of labor unions, interpersonal relationships, and foundational religious and cosmological worldviews.

Precarious Empowerment: Sexual Labor in the Coffee Shops of Chile's Santiago provides a textured and telling exploration into the lives and experiences of sex workers in Chile, their encounters with discrimination and economic precarity, and their empowered resistance.

Set in and around 'tinted cafes'-spaces hidden from public view where women dance for their male clients and perform sexual services-within Chile's capital city of Santiago, author Pilar Ortiz traces connections between sex work in the present day and the lasting legacies of colonialism and gender and sexual norms. Drawing on her careful ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews with the workers and their clients, the book reveals the many challenges women face at the intersection of class, racial, and gender inequalities. It also documents their resistance to stigma and stifling social norms and predetermined gender roles. In their practice of sexual labor, the book argues that women display a considerable degree of agency, mobility, and empowerment. Within this contentious space, the author explores how sex workers negotiate inequalities and exclusion and how they are poised to do so in a rapidly changing political and social climate.

Exploring experiences of exploitation and resistance within Chile, this book speaks to the much larger question of agency versus oppression in conversations about sexual labor worldwide. Its compelling analysis will captivate those interested in scholarly studies of sexual labor and the ways it is performed and shaped across hierarchies of race, class, and gender.

Nick Juravich and Steve Striffler edit a collection that examines the effects of the pandemic on workers. Sections of the book focus on specific impacts and government efforts to restructure the economy; the dramatic effect of the pandemic on the hospitality industry; educators' response on behalf of themselves and their students; frontline healthcare workers; and the innovative forms of labor organizing that emerged during and after COVID.

Contributors: Carlos Aramayo, Kathleen Brown, Sandrine Etienne, Ismael GarcIa-ColOn, Puya Gerami, Maura Hagan, Connor Harney, Devan Hawkins, Leigh Howard, Marian Moser Jones, Doris Joy, Nick Juravich, Eric Larson, Kathryn M. Meyer, Samir Sonti, Steve Striffler, Lia Warner, Andrew B. Wolf, and Jennifer Zelnick

When women have full socioeconomic citizenship as well as equitable and respectful partnerships with men, transformative justice can be sustained in postconflict societies
In Women's Work, Jennifer Moore presents a reimagined theory of peacebuilding and transformative justice based on the experiences and insights of women farmers and microentrepreneurs who lived through protracted civil conflicts, drawing on seven years of interviews with women activists across ten communities-five in the Acholi region of Northern Uganda and five in the Moyamba and Koinadugu Districts of Sierra Leone. Despite the important differences between the preconflict and conflict histories and demographics of the two countries, Moore finds commonalities in the practical, yet visionary, approaches to community life emerging from the core values, daily activities, and long-range goals shared by rural cooperative members in both regions.
Collective survival, communal healing, and conflict resolution define the rhythm of these women's daily lives as they go about building peace, piecemeal. They reject punitive retribution models and demand, instead, a peacebuilding model that advocates for advances in material well-being, the acknowledgment of state accountability for community suffering, and reconciliation and restoration of community networks. But most important, Moore amplifies these women's voices when they insist that legal equality for women and healthy partnerships between women and men are also essential components to enduring transformation of their societies.
Moore theorizes what peacebuilding look like if it were modeled on these women-led, matriarchically structured communities that proved not only to be effective at holding governments accountable but also to have the capacity to feed their people and revitalize their local economies. Women's Work shows that when women have full socioeconomic citizenship as well as equitable and respectful partnerships with men, transformative justice can be sustained through the arts of collective livelihood, violence-free conflict management, and celebration.

Chapters are organised into four thematic parts, encompassing the employment relationship, managerial challenges, the experience and conceptualisation of work, and trade unionism and resistance. The book features a range of diverse voices, with contributions from both leading scholars and emerging academics who have made crucial advancements in the field. Ultimately, Theories and Concepts in Work and Employment Relations aims to deepen our understanding of the key ideas in the study of employment, creating a framework for future academic discourse and debate.

Interdisciplinary in scope, this book is an essential read for researchers and students in the fields of industrial and employment relations, the sociology of work and human resource management. It includes both an overview of the field and a valuable guide to avenues for future research, supporting aspiring scholars in making a contribution to contemporary debates. Its innovative insights will also benefit practitioners and professionals who would like to further their theoretical knowledge in the field.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the world of work, but how does it impact diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI)? AI and Diversity in a Datafied World of Work: Will the Future of Work be Inclusive? addresses the critical question of whether AI will create more inclusive workplaces or exacerbate existing inequalities. As AI systems become embedded in business practices, this work explores the potential for both harm and opportunity in how AI influences DEI efforts.

This collected edition delves into key areas such as AI's role in HR management, its impact on marginalised communities, and the risks of bias in algorithmic decision-making. Topics like job displacement, the inclusion of vulnerable workers, and the ethical challenges of AI in management are thoroughly explored, offering interdisciplinary insights from diverse academic perspectives and global contexts. The authors also present strategies to design AI systems that promote inclusion and fairness.

Designed for scholars, practitioners, and anyone interested in the intersection of technology and DEI, this work offers a rich examination of the challenges and opportunities AI presents for the future of work. Bridging theory with practice provides readers with the tools to navigate and shape the evolving landscape of AI in ways that foster inclusivity.

This volume expands the definitions of language and work in researching their mutual influences. It considers language as a working tool, a vector of occupational identity, and so on, and work as the needed daily interrelation tasks, communication constraints and so on. The volume covers various national contexts: India, France, Argentina, Morocco, Portugal, Brazil, Singapore, French West Indies, and Kenya-Ouganda. The diversity of countries and linguistic spaces presented here enriches the perspectives in terms of transferring the insights from one situation to another. The specific cases discuss, among others, how an occupation may be structured by language use; how language embeds occupations within certain social contexts; challenges of teaching in multilingual classrooms; and how language affects therapeutic discourse and communication between patients and doctors. The chapters provide detailed contexts and backgrounds so that readers can enjoy entering into each context and seeing similarities and differences with their own research field to incorporate the findings into their own research. This volume is intended for sociologists interested in professionalisation, industrial and occupational sociology, sociology of work, public health, and management research.

Expert authors discuss the transition from school to work, focusing on education as an individual investment and a relative position in society, whilst also being a means of legitimating inequalities. They investigate the skills demand in the labour market, looking at the occurrence of over- and under- qualification and returns to education. The Handbook also addresses policy implications, crucially advocating for a closer alignment between education and labour market systems.

Students and researchers specialising in education and labour policy will greatly benefit from this discerning Handbook, as will those studying management and the sociology of education and work. It is also a vital resource for practitioners and policymakers working in the school system, the labour market and their interaction.