労働経済・労働問題 — 全 下位分類

This open-access book offers a comparative analysis of changes in employment structures on a global scale, focusing on employment trends during the first decades of the 21st century across 17 developed and developing economies, including countries from Europe, North America, Central and Latin America, and Asia. The authors examine patterns of occupational change in all cases, with job upgrading and polarization being the most prevalent, and explore the factors driving these changes, such as technological change, the increased participation of women, the growth of service-oriented sectors, and others. Particular attention is given to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment.

By applying consistent methods across all countries, the book provides a comprehensive understanding of employment dynamics and trends worldwide, representing one of the most significant efforts to produce comparative evidence on a global scale to date. As such, it will be of interest to researchers and policymakers focused on labor, inequality, and economic development.

Drawing on life-course, gender, and welfare regime theories and relying on primary longitudinal qualitative data (life- story interviews with 90 older workers) and primary longitudinal quantitative data (life-course calendar surveys among 802 older individuals), Avoiding Retirement in Chile critically examines the generalizability of traditional age norms involving the transition to retirement within a persistently uncertain and precarious setting.

Grounded in systematic empirical evidence, this study allows us to reflect on the fact that a definitive and permanent exit from any form of economic activity is increasingly viewed as a fictional scenario by most older individuals. This arises not only from highly precarious social conditions but also from a complex process involving individual agency, wherein the status of being 'retired' is progressively less voluntarily anticipated.

As such, it is of significant interest to a broad spectrum of undergraduate and graduate students, as well as scholars across various disciplines, including social sciences, economics, humanities, gerontology, public health, and social epidemiology. Additionally, the book targets policymakers and decision-makers engaged in topics such as aging, the labor market, pension systems, social and health inequality, and life-course determinants of disparities in old age.

An inside look at the lives of gay male and transgender sex workers in China
In Unlocking the Red Closet, Eileen Yuk-ha Tsang takes us to an upscale gay bar in the port city of Tianjin in Northeastern China, where the male staff have sex with regular clientele. She brings this world to life through interviews with over two-hundred people, including gay male sex workers and their wives, known as "Tongqi" (heterosexual women married to gay men), transgender sex workers, HIV patients, and the doctors who care for them.
Tsang argues that the violent oppression against the LGBTQ community in China has far-reaching consequences: the limitation of careers outside of the sex industry for gay men, because they do not adhere to traditional ideas of masculinity; the constant exposure to high-risk sexual practices and poor medical care due to stigma in the medical community; and the maintenance of the facade of heterosexual married life. Tsang denounces the homophobic culture and state-sanctioned oppression of the gay community, making a case that, in addition to the very real health risks many face in their profession, many of the gay male and trans sex workers also face social death should they try to lead lives that would embrace their gender and sexual identities.
Unlocking the Red Closet is a fascinating look into a rarely seen world that successfully locates the necropolitical within the queer and the queer within the necropolitical.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more.

This book offers a fresh perspective on the techniques of coping with the challenges of transitioning from student life to a professional corporate environment. It presents an integrated approach and a workable plan for students to pursue and add value to their careers by developing life and business skills that could be seamlessly woven into a well-rounded personality.

This book has been designed to help students stand out in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude. It delineates the transition needs (from classrooms to workplace) with clearly defined end results, imparting skills required to excel individually and as part of a team, as a matter of regular practise while working in the corporate world.

The primary aim of this book is not just to place graduates in the corporate world but also to enhance their employability skills to make them globally employable in diverse disciplines. Replete with easy-to-use tips and tools with real-world applications, this book will be of immense value to final year graduates and post-graduate students, as well as placement officers of higher education institutions looking to achieve a good placement record.

This book explores the vocational education programmes of Hong Kong, programmes that are repeatedly noted for their excellence.

The book traces the founding and development of the Vocational Training Council of Hong Kong, which was set up in 1982 to offer sub-degree programmes in vocational and professional education and training. It shows how it transformed itself from an institution seen by industry, government and the public alike as not meeting the needs of Hong Kong to one that has spearheaded the development of this form of education in Hong Kong, including offering degree programmes in these areas through its Technological and Higher Education Institute.

Written by a leading scholar of vocational education with extensive experience of devising and implementing vocational education programmes, it offers this as a valuable resource to students and scholars of education, particularly in an Asian context, as well as of vocational and professional education and training.

This book delves into the mental and occupational stress of pink-collar workers. A pink-collar worker is a person employed in a care-related profession or in an area that has traditionally been seen as the domain of women. Examples include jobs in the beauty business, nursing, social work, education, teaching, secretarial work, upholstery, or child care. To help with the financial burdens of their family, pink-collar workers engage in their job for at least 8 to 10 hours a day, which often leads to sacrificing their time with their family. Additionally, pink-collar works face many barriers like emotional labor (e.g., dealing with patients or clients), workload, interpersonal conflicts, and job insecurity. This book endeavors to study the physical stressors and mental stress of pink-collar workers so that new policies can be framed or suggested for the wellness of pink-collar workers.

This book adapts the ancient philosophical notion of the "good life" to the context of modern work and organizations. It outlines a vision of the good working life as the simultaneous experience of high levels of job satisfaction, work meaningfulness, and work psychological richness. In the chapters, these three dimensions of the good working life are related to various individual differences, such as demographic and personality characteristics, as well as different work characteristics, including job demands and job resources. The three dimensions of the good working life are also analysed across different industries, and differentially related to important work outcomes, such as job engagement, performance, and occupational health, as well as key life outcomes, including life satisfaction, health, societal contributions, and wisdom. Promoting a positive psychological perspective on work, this book offers a compelling read for academics, students, and practitioners interested in improving employee wellbeing and reducing stress in organizations.

This book explores the meaning, perceptions, historical and current cultural and psychological roots of gender stereotypes and patriarchy in the workplace. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the types of stereotypes, their origins, and theoretical underpinnings as well as a comparison of the different paradigms across cultures. As the narrative progresses, the book then provides a conceptual model of impact of gender stereotyping on female expatriates and provides evidence of women's experiences at work and in the society from across different countries. It also shows mindsets across different generations and examines the possible impact of generative AI tools. This all reveals how this phenomenon still exists despite the increased number of women in workforce and how these stereotypes perpetuate harmful norms that limit individual potential, reinforce inequality, and enhance discrimination. Relevant for scholars, researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers, this book encourages readers to self-reflect on their own internalized beliefs and biases, paving the way for personal growth and societal transformation.

This book brings together knowledge on how to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goal 8, to bring societal change through sustainable economic growth and decent work for all by 2030.

At its core is the great challenge of achieving economic growth without compromising the environment, while ensuring respect for fundamental human rights, and in particular the right to employment with equal and safe work conditions. This book provides a critical analysis of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8 in the 2030 Agenda, its targets and indicators, to reveal biases, tensions and contradictions that need to be addressed to achieve this goal and to guide policymaking. The role and potential of academia to contribute to achieving this SDG is scrutinized. Chapters examine and assess specific targets for SDG 8, which includes policies, resource efficiency, youth employment, child labour and sustainable tourism. Higher education institutions' tools for capacity building are presented, examining how education and academic research can play a role in achieving the SDG 8 targets. Overall, this book offers a synthesis of how research and higher education can make a difference in achieving a complex SDG.

This book will be of great interest to academics and professionals working on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and can be used as a policymaking guide for 2030 and beyond.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

This research monograph delves into the pressing issue of employee-centered social sustainability in the hospitality industry. Through empirical studies and content analysis of CSR reports, it highlights the significant challenges faced by frontline hospitality workers - such as low wages, job insecurity, limited union representation, and employer resistance to unionization.

Offering a thorough, evidence-based examination, the monograph provides a comprehensive analysis of the employee dimension of social sustainability. It explores the critical role of organizational support, the fear of unionizing, and their impact on key outcomes like employee well-being and industry turnover intentions. The work also proposes a tailored framework for addressing employee needs at different stages of their careers, advancing the goal of "decent work" within the industry.

Ideal for scholars and researchers in workforce studies, hospitality, and tourism, this volume offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of labor practices and social sustainability. It serves as a vital resource for those seeking to foster employee-centered CSR initiatives. Policymakers, industry professionals, and advocates for improved labor conditions in hospitality will also find this book informative and thought-provoking, with actionable strategies for promoting social responsibility across the sector.

This book examines how social inequalities in higher education shape the positional competition in graduate labour markets.

Featuring research from Europe, North America, and China, the book provides new insights into graduate careers by examining how graduates from various backgrounds navigate their labour market trajectories in different national contexts. Based on in-depth case studies, it demonstrates how the opportunities for graduates in the labour market do not solely depend on individual skills, experience, and abilities, but on how other graduates act within the labour market and the different forms of capital they possess. This book delineates the social, cultural, and educational conditions through which positional competition becomes meaningful to employers and graduates. It explains why employers value and seek out university graduates when hiring and demonstrates how the value of educational credentials interacts with graduates' gender, ethnicity, and social class positions. Furthermore, it addresses how regional inequalities influence graduates' employment opportunities.

This book is essential for university students and scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in the recruitment of graduates. It was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Education and Work.

The Routledge International Handbook of Deindustrialization Studies is a timely volume that provides an overview of this interdisciplinary field that emerged in response to the widespread decline of manufacturing and heavy industry from the 1980s onward. Edited by prominent figures in the field, the volume brings together many of the leading scholars from a range of countries across the globe to offer a multifaceted overview of deindustrialization and its impact.

Deindustrialization has been cited as one of the factors behind the rise of the far right, and to a lesser extent the far left, across Europe, the rise and success of Trumpism in the US, and the Brexit vote as well as the more recent and sudden erosion of UK Labour's 'Red Wall' of the North of England. This collection brings together scholars of deindustrialization around the globe and from a wide variety of academic disciplines including history, sociology, politics, geography, economics, anthropology, literature, arts practice, photography, heritage, and cultural studies. In doing so, the volume explores the roots of deindustrialization across the world, highlights the key themes and issues in the field, illustrates the intersectional and interdisciplinary character of the field, and shows how deindustrialization lies at the heart of many of the key political, cultural, social, and economic issues of our time.

Written in a clear and accessible style, the Handbook is a comprehensive interdisciplinary volume for this young but maturing field. The volume is a valuable resource for students, teachers, and researchers interested in industrial decline, closure, and the multifaceted impacts they cause. It speaks to readers across the arts, humanities, and social and political sciences concerned with deindustrialization broadly defined.

Chapter 27 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 International license.

Key Features:

• Focuses on those involved in the governance of labour, from employers to trade unions
• Synthesises several decades of research to help the reader understand the growth of precarious work
• Critically discusses contemporary challenges, including the aftereffects of COVID-19 and the climate crisis

The Concise Introduction to Employment Relations is beneficial to students focusing on human resources, industrial relations, economics and employment studies. Those studying sociology and organisational behaviour will also find it valuable.

AI Will Take Your Job, and It's for the Best is a bold and timely exploration of how artificial intelligence is reshaping the future of work-and why this transformation is something to embrace rather than fear.

In a world where automation is rapidly replacing human tasks, this book offers a fresh, optimistic perspective. It explores how AI, far from being a job-stealing threat, presents humanity with the opportunity to redefine the meaning of work and purpose. Jeff Schatten and Theresa Aires dive deep into the economics, sociology, and psychology behind this shift, introducing the AI Growth and Redistribution Impact Doctrine (AI-GRID). This framework lays out a set of guiding principles and policy recommendations to ensure that AI's benefits are distributed equitably, offering a practical roadmap for policymakers, business leaders, and individuals alike.

AI Will Take Your Job, and It's for the Best examines how AI will free people from mundane tasks, allowing them to pursue more meaningful and creative roles. From the rise of the human-AI hybrid workforce to discussions on Universal Basic Income, Schatten and Aires provide a vision of a future where AI and humanity coexist for mutual benefit and offer an insightful and thought-provoking look at the opportunities ahead. It's more than a forecast-it's a guide to thriving in the age of AI and embracing the radical new social contract it requires.

Considering decreasing birth rates and increasing rates of life expectancy, the workforce is rapidly aging - resulting in a more age-diverse labor market. So far, research in IWO-psychology has not fully addressed age-related constructs and issues of new work with longitudinal methods representing changes over time more adequately. To enhance predictions for a rapidly aging workforce, this research focuses on the influence of the potentials of actively aging individuals on frequently cited attitudes and behaviors over the working life span. The results suggest that a more differentiated view of age is partially effective in reducing the probability of turnover intention among IT-employees over time, the age-entrepreneurship relation can be clarified by focusing on the inconsistencies of age and the dimensions of human capital partly contribute to engaging in postretirement work. The outcomes have implications regarding the temporality of aging, entrepreneurial generational identity, calling to work and residuals about postretirement work. Qualitative follow-up research addressing the reasons for turnover intention and work activities retirees experienced as calling seems promising.

The Research Handbook on Gender, Work and Employment Relations
examines perennial workplace gender equality issues such as women's economic security as well as emerging issues concerning the gig economy, the fourth industrial revolution, and gendered bodies. Chapter contributors place issues in their historical contexts to deepen understanding of the development of workplace gender equality. Ultimately, authors adopt a future-centric focus, emphasising practical developments and initiatives that lie at the heart of how work and employment relations systems are organised, regulated and reproduce gendered workplaces, while opening possibilities for transformative changes towards gender equality.

Academics and students focusing on industrial/employment relations, organisational studies, sociology, human resource management, gender studies and queer studies will find this Research Handbook to be of great benefit. It is also useful for policy makers, activists and employment relations practitioners.

This book examines the role of creative mental labor in determining long-term economic growth, production costs, and product pricing. By redefining theories of value-price and growth in relation to creative mental labor, it acknowledges the role of human talent and skill in the creation of new technologies, productions, and productions methods, and highlights the impact this has on supply and demand dynamics. Traditional and neoclassical notions of human capital are challenged to present a new theory of growth that is more aligned with real life economics.

This book reevaluates ideas of economic growth by contextualising technological advancement and sustainable long-term economic growth within ideas of creative mental labor and skilled mental labor. It will be of interest to students and researchers working on labour economics.

Building on the view that ideas about the future matter, the authors examine four imaginaries, namely work as rational, work as human-machine collaboration, work as freedom and work as self-improvement. They discuss how these imaginaries of work and technology risk shaping unwanted futures, and outline different scenarios that reflect an ideal future working world.

Creating the Future of Work is an indispensable resource for academics and students of business and management, organisation studies, employment relations, and the sociology of work and organisations. Researchers, policymakers and business professionals interested in creating a positive working environment and in deploying constructive technology will also find this book to be of great importance.

The personal nature of domestic labor, and its location in the privacy of the employer's home, means that domestic workers have long struggled for equitable and consistent labor rights. The dominant discourse regards the home as separate from work, so envisioning what its legal regulation would look like is remarkably challenging. In Bringing Law Home, Katherine Eva Maich offers a uniquely comparative and historical study of labor struggles for domestic workers in New York City and Lima, Peru. She argues that if the home is to be a place of work then it must also be captured in the legal infrastructures that regulate work. Yet, even progressive labor laws for domestic workers in each city are stifled by historically entrenched patterns of gendered racialization and labor informality. Peruvian law extends to household workers only half of the labor protections afforded to other occupations. In New York City, the law grants negligible protections and deliberately eschews language around immigration. Maich finds that coloniality is deeply embedded in contemporary relations of service, revealing important distinctions in how we understand power, domination, and inequality in the home and the workplace.