社会福祉・社会保障 — 全 下位分類

Prison Health and Wellbeing blends theory with lived experience to explore the complex challenges and interventions that shape health and wellbeing for those living in, working in, and visiting prisons.

People in prison are far from a homogenous group, yet epidemiological evidence consistently shows higher rates of ill-health compared to the wider population. Historically, research has focused almost exclusively on individuals in custody, often overlooking the health needs of prison staff and others within these environments. This book addresses these gaps by offering comprehensive insights into the social, structural and cultural factors that influence health in prison contexts. Moving beyond a narrow focus on disease, disability and deficit, it adopts a salutogenic perspective - asking what keeps people healthy, not just what makes them ill. By reframing prison health through a holistic lens, this book provides a critical foundation for improving wellbeing in one of society's most challenging environments.

Prison Health and Wellbeing is an essential resource for students and scholars of criminology, public health and health promotion. It will also prove invaluable for policymakers, commissioners and practitioners delivering health services in prisons.

This volume provides insight into important hospital management procedures, the description of the most important clinical processes, and the correlation between medical equipment and optimization of the hospital's activity, both in terms of costs and quality of the services provided.

Clinical Technologies and Processes: Management in Healthcare is Volume 1 of the Innovation in the Modern Hospital System - Electronic Bioengineering Telemedicine Artificial Intelligence book series. This volume features detailed analyses of 19 major medical technologies, from hemodynamic polygraphy to positron emission tomography, complete with integration guidelines and operational protocols. The content provides practical implementation strategies for hospital design, bioengineering applications, and telemedicine integration. The author provides insight into enhanced operational efficiency, improved technology utilization, and optimized healthcare delivery processes. Each chapter offers clear, actionable insights that can be immediately applied to improve hospital operations and patient care quality.

The comprehensive nature of this book makes it particularly valuable for professionals who need to understand both the technical and managerial aspects of modern healthcare systems. It would be useful to healthcare students, bioengineers, clinical engineers, hospital directors and administrators, and medical specialists seeking advanced technological knowledge.

As the second of two companion volumes, this book advances the study of language and health by focusing on communication in action. The volume showcases applications of health communication in real contexts and illustrates how linguistics research and practice can address health inequalities across global contexts.

Building on the foundations in Discourses of Inclusive and Exclusionary Health Communication: Healthcare, Language, and Inclusivity, Volume 1, this volume examines scientific and institutional discourses, community health campaigns, and health education initiatives, while addressing topics such as AI technologies, gender-inclusive language, graphic medicine, and youth health education. The contributors employ a range of linguistics and health communication methods, including corpus-assisted discourse analysis, multimodal and narrative approaches, and participatory research. Contributions include cross-cultural case studies, community-based projects, and innovative applications of machine learning. The volume emphasizes how strategies of inclusive communication can help counter structural barriers and promote more equitable practices.

Together with Volume 1, this is an essential resource for academics working in linguistics and discourse studies applied to healthcare, as well as students seeking to understand how language both reflects and transforms health inequalities, while providing globally relevant perspectives and practical tools for effective healthcare communication.

This book argues for reframing endometriosis as a chronic pain condition, rather than an infertility issue. Drawing from feminist theory, disability studies, historical and archival research, and personal, embodied knowledge of living with the disease, it analyzes the deeply rooted misogyny and racism of Western medicine's research and treatment of endometriosis as a "career woman's disease"-a framing which demonizes women's reproductive choices and focuses on gender roles rather than their pain, experience, and agency. Offering a unique lens through which we can re-examine broader issues of autonomy, authority, and agency within the healthcare system, it will appeal to scholars in gender studies, disability studies, medical humanities, feminist studies, and the history of gynecology, as well as women's health advocates and healthcare practitioners.

This volume, Climate Change and Children's Rights in Zimbabwe: Toward Social Policy-Based Interventions, provides a comprehensive examination of the intersection between climate change and children's rights in Zimbabwe, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations. It brings together diverse perspectives from sociology, law, development studies, anthropology, economics, and environmental sciences to challenge conventional approaches that treat children as passive victims of climate impacts. The book interrogates climate vulnerability through multiple dimensions, from legal frameworks and theoretical foundations to sectoral impacts and innovative adaptation strategies, showcasing transformative pathways for child-centred climate action that recognises children as rights-holders and active agents of change.\

The book outlines critical aspects and issues that must be understood and addressed to protect and advance children's rights in the face of accelerating environmental change. Attention is given to both persistent structural inequalities and innovative opportunities for building resilience through rights-based, gender-transformative, and community-grounded approaches. Through case studies spanning diverse districts, including Lupane, Bikita, Mbire, Chivi, Mashonaland Central, Gutu, Goromonzi, Zvimba, and others, it highlights how climate impacts manifest differently across Zimbabwe's varied ecological and socio-economic landscapes, affecting children's health, education, nutrition, protection, and overall well-being. It provides foundational perspectives into climate justice imperatives, multispecies justice frameworks, legal and policy gaps, and opportunities for transformative social policy that centres children's agency and Indigenous knowledge systems. The book is of interest to researchers, climate justice scholars, child rights advocates, development practitioners, humanitarian organisations, and policymakers committed to implementing more effective, equitable, and contextually appropriate climate responses that place children's rights at the centre of all climate action across Zimbabwe and the broader African continent.

This book draws critical connections between food, health, and the environment, redefining our understanding of nutrition as a dynamic interface that shapes human well-being. As the need for a holistic approach to "food health", ie. the relationship between well-being and nutrition, is increasingly becoming more pressing, this volume brings together interdisciplinary contributions that advocate for a new ethical and legal framework that prioritises integral well-being for individuals and communities.

This book explores the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the value co-creation process within inter-organizational networks, providing theoretical and practical perspectives on value creation in networks and on technological diffusion. Specifically, the author examines Precision Medicine (PM) networks in Italy, where technology is crucial in sharing and analyzing clinical data. By adopting an ecosystem perspective, Generative AI can enhance healthcare efficiency by increasing the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, and foster collaborative networking, as real-time data sharing facilitates streamlined communication among healthcare professionals, ensuring multidisciplinary patient care. Its analytical and predictive capabilities also enable personalized and tailored therapies by anticipating patients' treatment needs. The book proposes a conceptual framework for mapping the critical stages of the value co-creation process and identifies the enablers and barriers of Generative AI within such networks. This book is a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, academics, professionals, and policymakers interested in the development of more resilient and value-driven healthcare networks.

This book focuses on exploring the potential of artificial intelligence and its respective components in drug designing from medicinal and aromatic plants. Different ancient civilizations have shown the significance of herbal formulation in healthcare, food and curing the ailments. However, with time the majority of this treasure has been lost due to overexploitation or generation gap (destruction of ancient civilization) and evolution of synthetic drugs. In recent decades, society again shifted toward herbal healthcare mainly due to side effects of synthetic drugs. Therefore, the proposal has been segregated into three sections: Section 1 (Chapter 1-4) will cover the basics of traditional practices, policies and screening methods. Section 2 (Chapter 5-10) will elaborate the disease specific applications of phytoformulations. Some of the common and prevalent diseases like blood borne infections, neurological diseases, viral infections, respiratory disorders and biofilm-associated nosocomial infections will be discussed. Section 3 (Chapter 11-15) will provide an overview of OMICS and advanced tools integration in drug development followed by emerging challenges with AI models.

This book discusses conditionality in social policy from normative, ethical, and philosophical perspectives. It brings together researchers from a variety of disciplines and parts of the world, opening new perspectives for the reader. Conditional social benefits are widespread and controversial: for supporters, they express that the state can expect something in return for its services and that self-responsibility is thereby strengthened. For critics, conditionality is synonymous with control and subjugation. This book discusses and investigates both views on conditionality, allowing the reader to get more in-depth knowledge of this topical and important aspect of social policy and political philosophy.

This volume celebrates identity theory as a leading framework that organizes research on identities across a wide swath of disciplines, such as sociology, psychology, political science, criminology, social work, and education. It positions identity as not merely an abstract concept studied in a vacuum; but rather, as a foundational aspect of our lives that are developed, maintained, and negotiated in real, day-to-day social contexts, and that carry very real implications for health, well-being, future aspirations, and realized successes in a variety of social arenas. Featuring original, empirical work from senior, mid-career, and junior scholars, this volume presents new and cutting-edge developments in identity theory that advance research in the context of higher education, rural communities, political engagement, police-citizen interactions, racial/ethnic minorities, and patients in healthcare settings. Other topics covered include identity development, identity maintenance and negotiation, mental health and wellbeing, and aspirations and success expectations. Many chapters feature continued measurement improvements and/or bridges to other theories.

The volume highlights the practical, applied utility of identity research for understanding and contributing to solutions for contemporary social problems. It is essential reading for researchers, academics, and graduate and undergraduate students who are interested in the relationship between identities and social problems and who seek to stay apprised of new and emerging emphases within the identity theory research community.

This book offers a systematic analysis of the community health center program's success since its establishment as a War on Poverty program.
Initially, the program served as a means for strengthening communities by ameliorating the poverty-related causes and consequences of limited access to health care. Today, the program is situated as an entry point and safety-net solution, shoring up gaps in the larger healthcare system. Against the backdrop of persistent health disparities and calls to return to its anti-poverty roots, the goal of this book is to both celebrate and caution against administrative strategies that primarily align programmatic outcomes with macroeconomic standards of success. Chronologically structured by its legislative authorization history and presidential administrations, Two Steps Forward, Three to the Side employs a sociological lens to trace the transformation of social narratives created by administrators and advocates about the program for the purpose of fortifying legislative support over more than six decades. The examination uncovers the gradual de-emphasis of social justice as a core tenet of the community health center program in favor of messages about programmatic efficiency and cost savings for the larger healthcare system in response to challenging funding environments.

Framing Addiction uncovers how mainstream American media have shaped public understanding of drug epidemics through narratives deeply influenced by race, class, and power. Drawing on content and discourse analyses of six major newspapers, compares the heroin epidemic of the 1970s with the opioid crisis of the 21st century, exposing how Black and Latino communities were criminalized while White opioid users were portrayed as victims in need of care.

This timely and necessary work explores the human cost of biased journalism and the policy consequences of selective empathy. From Nixon's "War on Drugs" to today's calls for treatment and recovery, Framing Addiction traces how media narratives both reflect and reinforce inequality. Grounded in critical race theory, journalism studies, and public health discourse, this book offers a new framework for ethical, equitable reporting on addiction.

A vital resource for journalists, scholars, policymakers, and anyone interested in the intersections of media, race, and public health.

A comprehensive understanding of the different theoretical models in mental health is essential when working with people with mental health difficulties.

Brought together by a multidisciplinary team, this book presents a critical overview of the key theoretical perspectives that underpin mental health practice, examining both traditional and contemporary schools of thought. Offering an accessible foundation for expanding your knowledge, the authors argue that no single theory provides a complete framework for practice on its own, highlighting how each theory has contributions, strengths and limitations.

New to this edition:
- Two brand new chapters exploring intersectional and environmental perspectives
- Expanded coverage of LGBTQIA+ and trauma-informed models, featuring two new authors with expertise in trauma-informed, recovery-focused approaches and evidence reviewing
- Greater focus on service-user led knowledge and experience

Supported by a range of exercises and case studies, this book remains an essential resource for anyone studying or practising in the field of mental health.

By focusing on effective communication strategies and leveraging cutting-edge research, this book offers meaningful progress toward improving mental health outcomes for everyone, with a special emphasis on underserved populations.

Health communication research constitutes a significant intervention to the study of mental health, especially when considering underserved and marginalized demographics. Contributors to this volume identify and address critical barriers often faced when accessing mental health information and care, including stigma, lack of resources, and cultural differences, among myriad other individual and societal obstacles.

By exposing and critically analyzing these issues, the book recommends future directions for the design of effective mental health communication campaigns, emphasizing the importance of strategic information diffusion and urgency in order to improve mental health literacy. Contributors then offer policy recommendations and advocacy initiatives designed to improve mental health services for underserved populations and communities, ultimately increasing both the inclusivity and overall efficacy of the mental healthcare system.

This book reveals how ableism permeates cultural portrayals of crime. What does it mean to consume crime narratives that are so thoroughly ableist? While there are many interpretations of crime in media, there is not yet a sustained analysis of its ableist underpinnings and the social and cultural significance of its seemingly endless consumption. Using a range of texts as illustrative material, each chapter explores a strand of the ableist imaginary, how it underpins crime narrativization, and how it is normalized via our consumption. This book argues that the portrayal of crime constitutes a major site for the articulation and defense of ableist thinking. As such, it is a cultural practice replete with symbolic, social and political effects that hamper the lives of disabled people while securing the privileges appended to bodyminds that pass as "normal." Drawing on radical constructivist logic, this book speaks to those interested in representations of crime and contributes to the emerging subfield of crip criminology.

This book provides medical technology entrepreneurs and their investors with a decision-making methodology based on the scientific approach that maximizes their chances of success. It enriches the understanding of valuation for medical startups, proposing an approach that moves the focus from the sophistication of the forecasting and financial methodologies to the quantitative importance of high-quality business assumptions and the economic impact of each critical business decision. It also provides a complete set of visual, organized, and compelling mental maps tailored to the business of medical technology innovation; maps that visualize and link the medical venture's decision-making and prediction problems. Their use minimizes the probability of overlooking critical decision problems on the path to successful execution while connecting them through a sequential and hierarchical framework. Finally, the book provides practical, real-life examples of how the scientific approach to decision-making can be used in medical technology startups outside the clinical trial area. The reader is left with various sets of valuable and practical tools that can be individually applied.

Fentanyl is a first-person, insider account of how the crisis consumed the Biden Administration amid a series of other national security emergencies. It follows Jake Braun, a senior White House official, and his colleagues while they scramble to respond to the epidemic. As Mexican cartels ruthlessly executed their most radical transformation in 50 years, Braun and his colleagues architected the first U.S. government wide strategy to combat fentanyl in history.

The effort brought him to Mexico to meet with Mexican agents who kick down cartel doors for the U.S. government there. He also spent time with data analytics wizards buried in nondescript offices in Virginia suburbs that hunt down Chinese fentanyl precursor chemicals on the Dark Web. He even takes a detour to gather intelligence from Russian migrants in U.S. detention facilities that migrated through cartel-controlled areas of Mexico. In the process, Braun uncovered the remarkable transformation cartels in Mexico underwent over the last 50 years. They morphed from narco-empires the size of Fortune 50 companies specializing in marijuana and cocaine to ones specializing in human migration and, separately, fentanyl.

After much painstaking effort, the Biden Administration successfully executed the most sweeping takedown of cartel leadership and fentanyl infrastructure since the crisis began. Due to the efforts of heroic agents, intelligence officers and national security experts, the leviathan U.S. government is now marshaled in ways never before imagined against the Chinese chemical companies and cartels propagating the fentanyl epidemic. Further, the strategy seems to be working. Just a year after it was kicked off, the fentanyl fatalities dropped nearly 37%. Yet the crisis persists. Finally, Braun draws on his unique experience combating the epidemic to outline how the U.S. government can once and for all end the fentanyl crisis in America.

In this book, Jesse Scaccia argues that while courses that teach students how news, media, and social media might cause or worsen mental health issues are a promising start, media literacy education also needs to teach young adults how to reach mental health care when they need it.

Drawing from both scholarly research and personal experience, Scaccia explores the critical role of media literacy in helping young adults navigate the often-confusing path to mental health care, demonstrating that media is not just a potential cause of mental health challenges-it is also a crucial part of the solution. Through original interviews with young adults and mental health care providers in California's Central Valley, he examines how media messaging, platforms, and literacy levels affect whether and how young people access care. The book also incorporates empirical data and theoretical frameworks from health communication to reveal barriers to care like stigma, functional impairment, and misinformation.

Ultimately, this book calls on educators, legislators, and health professionals to treat media literacy as a public health imperative that must equip young adults with the skills to both understand the media around them and use it to reach the help they need.

The purpose of this book is to explore practical information and insights from a group of Canadian centenarians to assist health care professionals and researchers who administer care to the oldest of adults, known as "Centenarians." A centenarian is a person who lives to or beyond 100 years of age. From a phenomenological approach, this book is important as few studies on cognitive health among centenarians have included in-depth and detailed descriptions from the individuals themselves. Physical and mental health challenges increase with advancing age and the oldest individuals may be prone to several risk factors such as dementia, disability and dependency. However, research has also suggested that centenarians may be resistant to cognitive decline and have survival advantages.

Theoretical perspectives, together with current literature will assist in our understanding of cognition and longevity among centenarians. In addition, therapeutic interventions will be explored to address the needs and challenges centenarians face in their daily lives. The Phenomenological approach will include in-depth face-to-face interviews to assess factors that may have a relationship to longevity and cognitive health.

The goal was to collect data from approximately 10 individuals together with family members. The interview questionnaire focused on demographic information, physical functioning and mental health, cognitive health, living arrangements, and family and social involvement. The administration of the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) was used as an additional source when appropriate. Analyses of the information was based on the Phenomenological approach (Creswell, 1998), to explore the essence and meaning of the statements. An informed consent was given to each of the participants and/or to a family member. The interviews were conducted in various living situations, such as home environments, assisted living and skilled nursing facilities in Canada. Implications for clinical practice and research was addressed. This book will be particularly useful for family caregivers, Social Workers, Nurses, other health care practitioners and students who are involved in undergraduate, graduate studies and research in Gerontology and or clinical practice.

This book shows how racial perception goes beyond the limits of sight. Drawing on Semiotic Cultural Psychology, it challenges the dominant visuocentric paradigm that equates race with visually apprehended phenotypic traits. Through an in-depth case study of a congenitally blind individual, the author demonstrates that racial distinctions are not self-evident to the senses but emerge through socially mediated, symbolic, and affective processes.

Integrating insights from psychology, sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and disability studies, the volume explores how race operates as a dynamic, culturally constructed sign within intersubjective relations. It critically revisits Brazilian racial classification systems, affirmative action controversies, and heteroidentification procedures, exposing the contradictions between race as a social construct and the visual essentialism embedded in current practices. The book advances a theoretical framework that reconceptualizes racial identity as a dimension of body image-biopsychosocial, historically situated, and affectively charged.

Combining rigorous theoretical analysis with qualitative methodology, Race Beyond Vision: A Semiotic-Cultural Study of Racial Perception and Blindness contributes to debates on race, perception, and embodiment by revealing how blind individuals participate fully in the social construction of race. It will appeal to scholars and graduate students in cultural psychology, critical race studies, semiotics, and disability studies, as well as researchers interested in epistemology and qualitative inquiry.

While Deafness can function as a cultural-linguistic identity with its own language and community norms, Deaf individuals may belong simultaneously to other social groups while sharing a Deaf identity.

Throughout this work, Belenyi and Flora interpret Deafness and ethnicity through the lens of Social Identity Theory (SIT), which posits that individuals derive part of their self-concept from membership in social groups and predicts that group memberships shape self-concept and self-esteem. While SIT has its limitations, newer adaptations, such as self-categorization theory and identity process theory, allow for more nuanced interpretations. With a focus on Hungarian ethnic-minority Deaf people in Romania-and their partners and communities-the authors examine these insights to understand how Deaf people in Romania balance their ethnic and Deaf identities.

Deaf people in East-Central Europe, especially in the multi-ethnic context of Romania, inhabit overlapping minority worlds. Although nation-building policies often emphasize linguistic and ethnic homogeneity, in practice Hungarian-Romanian relations within Deaf families and communities can reveal unexpected cultural bridges. This book combines a theoretical synthesis of Deaf identity, culture, and ethnicity with empirical life-course research to shed new light on how Deaf and ethnic identities intersect.

This book delves into the intricacies of disability inclusion and rehabilitation in modern India across all sectors. It addresses the profound societal inequalities, such as inclusive education, accessible transportation, legal rights, technology solutions, and early childhood care and education. Aligned with the principles articulated in the UN's Sustainable Development Goal 10-aimed at reducing inequalities-the book identifies challenges and offers practical strategies for fostering inclusivity across different sectors. It delves into the nuanced aspects of the quality of life for young adults with multiple disabilities, hurdles faced in inclusive classrooms, and legal challenges encountered by visually impaired faculties and students. Beyond academic discourse, it shares the lived experiences and perspectives of mothers, students, and teachers, sensitizing designers, promoting inclusiveness in sports, and emphasizing the transformative power of Universal Design for Learning. The book is a compelling amalgamation of perspectives from esteemed disability experts in diverse fields, ensuring a rich and comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. It serves as a roadmap for progress in disability inclusion and provides an exciting read to scholars, policymakers, educators, healthcare professionals, and advocates.

In this seminal book, the editors and authors provide both practical and scholarly guidance on social work practice, research, community engagement, and education by equipping readers with a comprehensive understanding of culturally sensitive and appropriate social work approaches for working with Koreans in the United States.
As a vital profession in American society, social work plays a pivotal role in enhancing the lives of Koreans and Korean Americans in the United States. To effectively support this ethnic community, social work practitioners, researchers, educators, and policymakers must not only understand Korean cultural nuances but also address the unique challenges and needs they face. Drawing on the latest empirical research, academic insights, and the practical experiences of social workers and other human service professionals, the editors and authors provide valuable guidelines, recommendations, and innovative tools for social work practice, research, community empowerment, and education-each directly applicable to serving the Korean American community.

This book presents a collection of articles on income distribution and poverty reduction in China, written by leading experts in China. The chapters address a broad range of topics, including the income gap, informal employment, education, urbanization migrant workers, the middle-income group, household wealth and inequality in urban areas, income distribution with regard to the formal economy, mixed economy and labor, and the social security system. In closing, the book provides concrete policy recommendations.