法　学 — 全 下位分類

This book offers a critical realist analysis of police stop and search practices in England, examining the underlying mechanisms that drive both intended and unintended outcomes. Stop and search remain controversial: seen by many as necessary for preventing crime, yet criticised for perpetuating harm through racial discrimination and strained police-community relationships.

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with police officers and stakeholders, and quantitative analysis of stop and search data, the book identifies the contextual factors and generative mechanisms that shape how stop and search is used and what outcomes it produces. It reveals how historical tensions between police and marginalised communities, inconsistent political messaging, and an emphasis on low-level drug enforcement contribute to disproportionate targeting of ethnic minorities and socio-economically disadvantaged areas.

The research uncovers several significant mechanisms. Officer identity plays a central role: for 'proactive' officers, stop and search is embedded in their professional self-conception. Neighbourhood bias drives operational decisions, leading to over-policing of stigmatised areas. A disconnect exists between officers' protective justifications and the reality that most stops target young men for minor cannabis possession rather than serious offending.

By examining how contextual factors and generative mechanisms interact, the book provides a comprehensive framework for understanding stop and search in England and internationally. It demonstrates why procedural reforms consistently fail and that meaningful change requires addressing the deep-rooted structures that generate harmful outcomes.

Deradicalisation and Rehabilitation of Violent Extremist Offenders in the Global South: Lessons from Bangladesh offers a rigorous, evidence-based framework for understanding and responding to violent extremism in Bangladesh - with adaptable insights for other nations across the Global South. Structured around four interconnected outputs, the volume moves systematically from strategic diagnosis to operational implementation.

Part I presents a comprehensive needs-mapping study, drawing on comparative analyses of international case studies from Indonesia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, India, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Colombia. It profiles 103 violent extremist offenders spanning faith-based militants, left-wing extremists, and ethno-nationalists, identifying socio-demographic patterns, psychological vulnerabilities, and radicalisation pathways that underpin the need for tailored interventions.

Part II introduces the first operational training manual of its kind in South Asia, adopting a whole-of-society approach across four progressive stages: preparatory work, deradicalisation, rehabilitation, and policy reform. The manual outlines detailed counselling modules across religious, psychological, cultural, educational, and legal dimensions, with gender sensitivity and human rights compliance embedded throughout.

Part III evaluates a pilot intervention conducted in Bangladesh between August and December 2023, assessing outcomes for 32 beneficiaries using a multidimensional framework that combines counsellor evaluations, self-assessments, and independent observations.

Part IV presents a standardised Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) toolkit aligned with OECD-DAC principles, designed for scalability across prison, community, and counterterrorism settings.

Collectively, the volume provides a transformative shift from fragmented, reactive approaches to a structured, rights-compliant, and institutionally sustainable architecture for deradicalisation and rehabilitation - offering a replicable model for Global South countries confronting the complex challenges of terrorism and violent extremism.

This brief reconceptualizes the immigration-crime relationship by examining how immigration reshapes low-skill labor markets in ways that may disproportionately disadvantage economically marginalized Black workers. Challenging the prevailing consensus that immigration either reduces crime or has no effect, it shifts attention away from immigrant offending and toward the structural conditions under which immigration may indirectly elevate crime among Black populations. Rather than treating immigration as uniformly beneficial or criminogenic, the brief argues that its social consequences are unevenly distributed across racial and economic groups.

Results from longitudinal analyses of city-level data drawn from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the U.S. Census show that higher levels of immigration are associated with increased weekday and weeknight/weekend crime levels among Black but not White offenders. These findings suggest that competition within low-skill labor markets may weaken legitimate employment opportunities for some economically vulnerable Black workers, thereby increasing exposure to criminogenic pressures.

Integrating perspectives on labor market segmentation, strain, routine activity, and race-specific opportunity, the brief develops a theoretical framework linking immigration, racial inequality, and urban crime. By reframing the immigration-crime debate through the lens of economic displacement and racial inequality, this work offers a provocative, policy-relevant account of how immigration and racial justice agendas intersect in contemporary urban America.

This collection marks the 20th anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT). It focusses on one major component of a growing network of monitoring bodies, that is, the establishment of NPMs (National Preventive Mechanisms) in a European context. The contributors come from different parts of Europe and bring their unique expertise into the book. In their chapters they reflect on questions related to their countries' processes in ratifying OPCAT as well as the establishment and functioning of the NPMs. The book explores the variety of ways in which NPMs implement their mandate in practice, as well as the key opportunities and challenges they encounter in fulfilling their role.

This edited book explores the evolving relationship between fintech, regulation, and sustainable development from a global perspective. It provides comparative analyses of regulatory approaches in the EU, Germany, Tuerkiye, and selected emerging markets, assessing how fintech innovations, such as digital payments, equity crowdfunding, and green finance-support financial inclusion and sustainability goals. Combining policy analysis with empirical insights, the volume serves as a practical guide for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complex intersection of technological innovation and responsible regulation.

Die Arbeit untersucht die ungeklaerte materielle Reichweite des Herkunftslandprinzips in den Geltungsbereichen der ECRL und des DSA im Vergleich zur Reichweite des Sendestaatprinzips der AVMD-RL. Zudem werden die Auswirkungen des Herkunftslandprinzips im DSA auf die landesrechtliche Regulierung von Medienintermediaeren in Deutschland behandelt und bestehende regulatorische Spielraeume im Rahmen des MStV, JMStV, JuSchG und NetzDG analysiert. Beide Fragen sind dringlich, da der DSA als unmittelbar anwendbare Verordnung gilt und Vorrang gegenueber entgegenstehendem Landesrecht in Deutschland hat.